Love helps to preserve honor and dignity (2)

Reading the story of A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", we become witnesses of how faithful and tender love is born against the backdrop of historical events.

The young officer Pyotr Grinev, arriving by order of the authorities in the Belogorsk fortress, was fascinated by the daughter of the commandant Masha Mironova. Despite the comments of Shvabrin, who was trying to denigrate her in the eyes of a newcomer, he quickly realized that Masha was a “prudent and sensitive” girl, sincere and sweet, and certainly not a “perfect fool”.

Pyotr Grinev also conquered Masha’s heart, managed to evoke a reciprocal feeling in her with his courage, valor, straightforwardness, the way he fiercely defended her good name in a duel with Shvabrin. Forced to part with her beloved, a helpless and defenseless girl is captured by a hated admirer. Angry at his failures, Schwabrin is trying to force her into threats and threats to force her to marry. However, love helps Masha to pass through this test with honor, not to drop her dignity. Released by Grinev, she admits that she was ready to die, if only not to belong to the hypocritical and evil Shvabrin.

However, this noble act in relation to his beloved does not pass for Green in vain. Upon learning of his connections with the rebel Pugachev, the young man is arrested. But even in court, he no longer cares about justification for himself, but about not tarnishing the good name of Marya Ivanovna. For the sake of this, Grinev agrees to the link and the unenviable stigma of a traitor.

Masha acts no less decisively. Knowing Grinev's innocence, she goes to Petersburg to petition the empress. We see that fate finally smiled at the young people: "by the personal command" Pyotr Grinev "was released from prison," and his bride was kindly cherished by Ekaterina P.

By the example of Masha Mironova and Peter Grinev, the author shows how great true love is - true and faithful. It is she who gives meaning to life and helps to preserve honor and dignity in any, the most difficult situations.

BELOGORSK FORTRESS IN THE LIFE OF PETER GRINEV - SECOND HOUSE

What can become a second home for a person? A school, an orphanage, a theater, a church ... For the main character of the story of A. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”, Pyotr Grinev, the second house was the Belogorsk fortress, which was located in the Orenburg steppes.

Peter dreamed of serving in the Semenov Guards Regiment. But at the insistence of his father, he was sent to a distant army garrison. On the way, Grinev thought about his boss - Captain Mironov, introducing him as a strict, angry old man who could put him under arrest for bread and water for any disobedience. Peter expected to see formidable bastions, and instead of them he saw a village and a log fence. The room in the wooden house of Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, the commandant of the fortress, was cleaned in a simple, old-fashioned way. Vasilisa Egorovna, the captain’s wife, regretted Peter, told him not to be sad because of service in such a remote place. Then Grinev went to the place of residence. Around "stretched the sad steppe." Sad, sadly became a young man. This is where he was supposed to spend his youth. Soon, Peter met with Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was sent to a distant garrison for the murder in a duel. He spoke French, was cheerful, and told Grinev about the commandant's family, about his daughter, Maria Ivanovna, whom he described as a perfect fool.

During lunch, Vasilisa Yegorovna asked Grinev about his family and told that Masha was a dowager. Peter noticed that Masha blushed and even burst into tears. He felt sorry for her, and he changed the subject.

Grinev was adopted by the Mironov family as a close person, and life became even pleasant for him. Ivan Kuzmich was a simple, kind and honest person. Mary turned out to be a sensible and sensitive girl. Grinev gradually became attached to the commandant's family. Grinev’s service was not heavy. He began to read, translate and compose verses. I always dined with the commandant. Once Grinev quarreled with Alexei Shvabrin. He composed poems for Masha, invited Shvabrin to evaluate them, and heard insulting words about the girl. Shvabrin told Grinev that in order for Masha to meet with him, it is better to give her earrings instead of poetry, and that he knows from experience about her behavior. Grinev called him a liar. Schwabrin challenged him to a duel, and Peter accepted the challenge. He liked Masha more and more. During the duel, Grinev was wounded, and Marya Ivanovna looked after him.

Soon Peter confessed to Masha love. They were waiting for the blessing of Peter's parents. So peacefully and calmly, without serious upheaval, a young man Grinev would serve in his second house. But the terrible events that occurred in the Belogorsk fortress significantly changed the lives of young people.

Pyotr Grinev was not afraid of Pugachev’s attack. On the eve of the battle with the Pugachevites, Grinev dreamed of a heroic feat of arms: "With sadness, the separation merged in me and unclear, but sweet hopes, and an impatient expectation of dangers, and feelings of noble ambition." He told the commandant that their duty was to “defend the fortress until its last gasp”.

The commandant’s wife refused to leave the fortress, saying that she decided “to live together - together and die.” When Pugachev captured the fortress, commandant Mironov refused to swear allegiance to him and was executed. And the Cossack hit Vasilisa Yegorovna with a saber on the head, and she died. Masha Mironova became an orphan. The responsibility for the fate of the only surviving person from the Mironov family took on Peter Grinev. After the Orenburg general refused Peter help, the young man returned to his second home to save his beloved. Here he recognized Pugachev as a person who could be merciful, because he became the organizer of the happiness of Masha and Peter - their "planted father."

Thus, the Belogorsk fortress became Grinev’s second home, where he was received good-naturedly, where he met his first love and learned to fight for the honor of his beloved girl and for her release, where he learned to defend military honor, delved into issues of public life related to another person social status. There, he, being a seventeen-year-old youth, knew life.

In this remote garrison, life truly experienced Peter. It was here, in the Belogorsk fortress, that events happened to him that had an important impact on his whole life and gave his soul a “strong and good shock”. For Peter Grinev, the Belogorsk fortress became not only a place of service, but also a place where the young nobleman gained valuable life experience, about which he would tell his descendants.

The novel "The Captain's Daughter" is the pinnacle of Pushkin's prose. They study it in the 8th grade, and by 11th they completely forget, which is very sad, because the novel deserves more attention and reverence. This is just a storehouse for graduates both from the point of view of argumentation in task 25, and for the final essay. We agree at once: I will not retell the novel, but dwell on its problems, ideological content, and theses for essays.

Nevertheless, it is necessary to say a little about the plot of the novel.
The "Captain's Daughter" describes the story of Peter Grinev, who happened to see the Pugachev uprising with his own eyes. He is transformed from undergrowth into a responsible, highly moral person, a man. Having passed through trials, the hero becomes a real person, making a choice in favor of honor and dignity. The novel is written in the form of memoirs. What for? It is as if Pushkin was looking through the hero’s eyes at what was happening, because an adult Grinev could not only retell everything that happened to him, but also give an assessment, emphasize something or pass by some events.

Problems of the work

• The novel tells about the Pugachev uprising. A.S. Pushkin was interested in the personality of Pugachev. (Try to identify the problem yourself!) Why did he manage to become the leader of thousands and thousands of people? Why is he better than Catherine II? These questions come down to one thing: power issue . We concretize: which power is better? Here it must be said about the problem, which, it would seem, does not lie not on the surface, but Pushkin is very interested. it the problem of man and history. What role do historical events play in the fate of man?

• Grinev's path is from a careless and silly undergrowth to a serious and responsible person, a real man. What is the problem with this? Yes, the problem of growing up and raising a person . What does a person have to go through to become an adult?

• There are two comparable heroes in the novel: Grinev and Shvabrin. They are connected by a place of service, love for Masha, friendship, and then rivalry. One becomes a hero, and the second a traitor. Why? In other words, in the novel there is the problem of moral choice.

What should be the power?

Let's collect everything that we learn about Pugachev and Catherine in “The Captain's Daughter”. Pugachev.

Portrait in the chapter “Counselor” (a man with smart running eyes), appearance when taking a fortress (cruel leader of the uprising), “mercy” in the form of a sheepskin coat, a horse and a missing half of money, Pugachev on the board of the “generals”, a conversation with Grinev on the road ( Kalmyk tale of the eagle and the raven), the execution of Pugachev. Review these episodes to understand what will be discussed next. Catherine.  A lady in a home morning dress, affectionately asking Masha about her misfortune. She immediately changed when she found out that it was Grinev, not even knowing him personally. Traitor - and that’s it, no comment. She didn’t want to listen to her at first. Then, however, she pardoned Pyotr Andreyevich because of the merits of Masha's father. And if Masha had not seen her?

Theses:

• Both Ekaterina and Pugachev are representatives of the authorities. We know more about Pugachev, we can draw conclusions about his character, the nature of his power.
• Pugachev  in the novel it appears before the readers in various guises: a simple peasant, leader of the uprising, a noble man who is able to evaluate fidelity to duty and courageous deeds, a cruel tyrant who condemns innocent people to death. When is a man in front of us, and when is a tyrant? In the episode of the first meeting, we see a smart, cunning, quick-witted person, in a conversation with Grinev - a tragic figure, because he realizes what he went on and what he sacrificed. The meaning of the Kalmyk fairy tale helps us understand that Pugachev wants to live a bright, albeit short, life. Among his associates, he is the first among equals, undoubtedly the leader (comparable to the military council in Orenburg, where they mostly drink tea, but cannot make decisions). And finally, the scenes of the capture of the fortress show the cruelty of the rebels (the death of the Mironovs, the abduction of Masha, the destruction and death).
• Image idea: Pugachev is undoubtedly an outstanding figure, a talented person, but the power and necessity of cruelty in the war turns him into the same cruel tyrant as the Empress against whom he rebelled.

• Catherine.A sweet woman in a home dress is not so kind when it comes to the traitor. In this case, no mitigating circumstances are taken into account, the empress does not want to know them. So why is this power better than Pugachev’s? Nothing.

The idea that A.S. leads us to Pushkin:any power - the empress or her antagonist Pugachev - is hostile to the common man. "God forbid to see the Russian rebellion, meaningless and merciless," - this is the result of the novel.

The problem of man and history connected with the events taking place in the novel. Briefly list the ideas: the story has light and dark sides. Grinev did not think that he would have to survive such events, but it was historical events that highlighted a real person in him with honor and dignity. The death of the Mironovs and thousands of people, ruined houses, mutilated fates - this is the dark side of history. It’s like Pushkin spotlighted the fate of the heroes in history, and it was the simple man who was most interested in him, not without reason the novel is called “The Captain’s Daughter”, and not “Pugachev,” for example.

Attention, exam! The arguments from the "Captain's Daughter" can be used in the essay, if the problem "man and state", "power and man." No power will be merciful to a person by definition - this is the thesis confirmed by the illustration from the novel.

The problem of growing up a young man  This problem is associated with the image of the protagonist Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. Theses:

• at the beginning of the novel, Grinev is a young man who can “judiciously judge the properties of a greyhound dog” and make a kite out of a map. Dreams of a “dust-free service” in St. Petersburg. The adult Grinev is ironic at himself young. But his father gives him instructions (remember, for example, the instructions of Father Molchalin) to serve honestly, to preserve family traditions, not to pursue awards and not to evade service. With that, Grinev goes to a small fortress near Orenburg.

• The first test was a meeting with Zurin, a loss in cards and an insult to Savelich, a faithful servant and friend. Grinev is remorseful.

• In the fortress, before the uprising, he falls in love with Masha, fights with Shvabrin, defending the honor of the girl.

• After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev was faced with a choice: to recognize Pugachev or to remain faithful to the oath. He chooses the latter, deserving of the respect of Pugachev.

• Masha is captured and asks for help. Grinev, not having received it from his superiors, rushes to save Masha to Pugachev, despite the prohibition of immediate superiors. He violates the oath, arbitrarily leaving Orenburg. But the hero is faced with a choice, and makes him in favor of saving a person. Pugachev, respecting Grinev for honor and dignity, lets them go. Grinev is put on trial, and only Masha, having reached St. Petersburg, begs for pardon.

The idea that the author leads us to is as follows:a young man grows up when trials fall on his lot, when he faces a choice, sacrifices his life for the sake of others. Only in this case will a real person be made of him.

Attention! EGE! The illustration from The Captain's Daughter can be used in any essay on parenting issues. If we are talking about poor upbringing, then we can give an example of Grinev as an example of correct upbringing, and then the argument will be on the contrary, and if it’s about the right, then a supporting argument. What is he talking about? See the idea!

The problem of moral choice  It is associated with the images of Grinev and Shvabrin. Why, under the same conditions, one becomes a traitor and the other a hero?

Theses:

• Grinev and Shvabrin meet in the fortress and very soon become rivals in the struggle for love.
• About Grinev, see the previous theses, about Shvabrin we will tell in more detail. At the very beginning, Grinev noticed that Shvabrin was cruelly joking with his family, where he was adopted as a native, and was talking about Masha. Duel inflicts a sneaky blow in the back. Even then, you can notice that Schwabrin is a dishonorable person.

• The real test for them is the capture of the fortress. Grinev refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev and risks his life, Shvabrin is already in a peasant dress (prepared in advance) and cut off "in a circle" (I wonder when he managed to?). So, I was ready for betrayal.

Idea: a person makes a moral choice in accordance with his beliefs and principles. If they are, there is a high spirit (Grinev). Shvabrin initially demonstrates a vile nature in everything, and eventually becomes a traitor.

Attention, exam! Excellent argumentation in essays on the issue of moral choice, decency, honor, dignity. Grinev, possessing a high spirit and moral principles, does not drop himself and causes only respect, and Shvabrin the traitor - contempt.

Summing up, we can say that “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the brightest works in Russian literature. Why? Because A.S. Pushkin, talking about the cruel uprising, still approved the ideals of goodness, honesty and decency.

The material was prepared by Karelina Larisa Vladislavovna, teacher of the Russian language of the highest category, honorary worker of general education of the Russian Federation