The second highest after graduate. Second higher
What to choose: graduate, MBA or second higher education?
People who decide to continue their education, having already left adolescence, are different, but in some ways very similar.
There are several reasons for them to once again gnaw at the granite of science. The first and perhaps the rarest is a thirst for new knowledge that will never be put into practice, a kind of art for the sake of art. You must admit that such a luxury is allowed either by a person not of this world, but with money, or suffering from a very peculiar form of idleness. The second, also not the most common reason - for the sake of \\ "crusts \\", prestige, which most often applies to applicants for an MBA diploma. But more often the reasons are different. Firstly, the lack of demand for the first profession or its low price in the labor market. Here is an example - my acquaintance, who received a medical education, is now working in the advertising business and is studying at the Economics Department of a Moscow university. Secondly, the expansion of their professional capabilities through the acquisition of another specialty. For example, a lawyer is studying to be a psychologist or the most widespread today \\ "tandem \\" is a lawyer-economist. Thirdly, for the second time, they go to a university for knowledge that will accelerate professional, career growth and make their business more successful.
But whatever the reasons, the question is one: what to choose - the second higher, graduate, postgraduate or MBA. And how, in fact, do they differ, and what do they give in the long run?
Second higher
Now the second economic education is in special demand. Today, you can get it at more than ninety universities in the country. The second higher is paid, and the prices depend on the prestige and geography of the university, on the competition and the duration of studies. Programs are usually designed for 2-3 years, less often for a year. Prices - from $ 2 thousand for the entire training period. For example, at the Institute of Economics and Finance \\ "Synergy \\" at REA them. G. Plekhanova study in the specialty Marketing costs $ 6 thousand for 2.5 years. In MGIMO - $ 2-5 thousand, depending on the faculty for 2.5-3 years. Education at the Finance Academy lasts 2-3 years and its cost for Muscovites is $ 2900, for students from other regions - $ 2700. At the Samara State Aerospace University. S. Koroleva at the Faculty of Economics and Management, study will cost 8600 rubles in two years. And at the ANH Technology Commercialization Center, you can get a second higher education for free. It is only necessary to get on the so-called presidential program (training of managerial personnel for Russia).
For the most progressive and aimed at international business, the programs of the second higher, developed jointly with foreign universities, are of particular interest. So, the Russian-French Institute of Management ANH gives you the opportunity to get two diplomas at once after two years of study - the Russian state diploma of vocational education in the specialty Management \\ "and the DESS-CAAE diploma (French analogue of MBA) of Nancy University.
Master
Today, almost 140 Russian universities have opened master's programs. Only in Moscow there are 30 of them (for example, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, etc.), 15 in St. Petersburg. There are master's degrees at institutes and universities in Volgograd, in Samara, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Stavropol, Novosibirsk. But still, this phenomenon is new to modern Russia.
In the Middle Ages, a master’s degree was awarded to teachers of \\ "seven free arts \\", subsequently - to graduates of the philosophical departments of universities and in the IX century was replaced by a doctorate in philosophy. In pre-revolutionary Russia, masters had the right to head a department, and master's degrees in pharmacy and a master's in veterinary medicine were the highest in these areas of scientific activity. This degree was awarded after graduation, passing an oral exam and public defense of the dissertation, approved by the faculty.
In Russia, since 1991, the master is the second after a bachelor's degree, awarded to students after graduation from a university. There is an opinion that the introduction in Russia of multilevel higher education (bachelor's degree - master's program - graduate school) will improve the quality of this education itself. The undergraduate program lasts four years, and this is where you can finish your higher education (as many in the West do). Masters are open only in those universities where there are scientific schools. The master's course lasts on average from one and a half to two years, thus increasing the total length of study at the university (instead of the previous five years - five and a half - six). But we must keep in mind that master's program is not mandatory, but a voluntary lesson (and you can’t get away from the fifth year of university, unless you fly out of there). And besides, a master’s degree in the future will allow its holder to teach at a university. In other words, graduate school, like graduate school, can be recommended to people interested in a scientific and teaching career.
The MBA degree (Master of Business Administration) is the most promoted of academic degrees, although there is almost no academicity in it. This is a recognized and highly regarded diploma in business management. Obtaining this diploma is recommended for those who are really going to work (or already work) in business. MBA provides a systematic view of business activity, allowing you to accumulate accumulated experience.
This is an extremely practical training, 60% of the entire study time is devoted to the analysis of real business situations in which different firms and companies have fallen (case study method). And the main reason why you need to study at the MBA is almost unanimously called those invaluable connections and contacts that are made during study.
American invention, MBA has been available in Russia for more than ten years. Russian business schools, even the oldest and the best, of course, have not yet stood on a par with the leaders of world rankings. They are far from that. But Russian business education has its advantages. Firstly, the courses of domestic business schools are adapted to domestic realities. Secondly, you can study here without leaving work, without leaving home and in your native language.
Applicants for an MBA must state their goals in an essay and in an interview. You can be asked a variety of questions, but be sure that you are sure to be asked about your work and achievements, about why you need an MBA. Unlike foreign schools, Russia does not require passing the GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test, a computerized test that reveals the level of English proficiency, the ability to think logically and knowledge of the fundamentals of mathematics). Some schools require letters of recommendation.
Now MBA education is receiving more and more critical reviews from both former students and employers. Nevertheless, the holder of this degree will undoubtedly have advantages over other candidates when applying for a job, and the level of starting salary will be higher.
In Russia, training leading to an MBA degree usually takes the form of evening classes and takes two years. Although there are extramural forms, such as Executive MBA. It costs from $ 3 to 10 thousand, the average price in Russia is about $ 5 thousand. Most domestic MBA programs are in Russian, and only part of the courses are in English.
When choosing a business school, it is better to focus on those who have received the right to issue a state MBA diploma, have a solid reputation and name. We list only a few: GSOM, MIRBIS, VKHS, HSE, IBDA, MSB RUDN University (Moscow), IMISP, Stockholm School of Economics, International School of Business Leti-Lovanium (St. Petersburg).
TAGS: mba in mgimo reviews, MBA, HSE, MIRBIS, HSE, HSE, IDB, MSHB RUDN University (Moscow), IMISP, Stockholm School of Economics, International School of Business Lathy-Lovanium, Second Economic Education, Master, Master, MBA or Second Higher what to choose, Master of Business Administration
Studying in a magistracy will give you the maximum knowledge in your specialty, a diploma of a prestigious university and a full range of student benefits. The second higher is the opportunity to master a new direction and get another profession. What exactly to prefer? The choice depends on the goal that you set for yourself.
Old or new?
In fact, a new specialty can also be mastered in magistracy: it happens, for example, that a biologist goes to economics, a mathematician goes to psychology, and an economist goes to the service sector. But in order to change your destiny in this way, in addition to the curriculum of the master's program, you will have to undergo training in an additional program that includes basic disciplines. So, in the MA course of the Faculty of Economics and Management of the Moscow Aviation Institute for those with a completely different specialty, these will be disciplines in economics, management and finance. In addition, for students who decide to get a new profession, already during the training course, adaptation courses are offered in the basic disciplines of the corresponding direction, which help to increase the level of knowledge.
To enter the magistracy, you need to pass a qualification exam in a major subject. At RUDN University, for example, upon admission to the magistracy of the Faculty of Economics, entrance examinations are conducted in writing. The exam lasts 180 minutes. An interdisciplinary exam for all single competitive groups is held on the same day, exam results are announced the next day. Usually the level of such an exam is equivalent to the final state examination of bachelors. Some universities also introduce additional exams - for example, in a foreign language. To successfully pass it, you will have to take a course of additional classes. But much more often, the master's program becomes for the student a stage that completes the basic higher education.
For those who enter the second higher education, as a rule, entrance exams are not provided, an interview will suffice. It is assumed that applicants who have once completed university training already have a sufficient educational base. The exception is leading state universities. For example, entering Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov will have to take exams.
Who are they taking?
You can enroll in a magistracy with a bachelor, master or specialist degree. The catch can only be in what place - budgetary or paid - this or that institute or university will be ready to accept you.
In large universities, for example, the Higher School of Economics, both bachelors and specialists can count on free tuition. In the magistracy of other institutions, there are much more restrictions for applicants. Many really accept the budget only with a bachelor’s diploma, and the rest of the applicants can rely solely on paid tuition. Each university that received a certain number of budget places from the Ministry of Education and Science, decides on which programs and in what quantity to allocate these places. In most cases, to enroll in a second higher education program, it is also sufficient to provide a bachelor's, specialist or master's diploma.
The vast majority of programs of the second higher education are paid. The cost of training ranges from a thousand to ten thousand dollars for the entire training course. However, not every student of the second higher education pays for himself. Often, education is paid for by the organization in which the specialist is currently working (provided that the education profile is in the interests of the employer). Free may be the second higher directly for university employees. Many universities offer their students discounts. So, in some educational institutions, holders of honors degrees are encouraged (for example, it can be a 15% discount for the first semester) and excellent students, in a number of universities discounts are provided to military personnel, reserve officers, etc.
Program Differences
In general, the program of the second higher education does not differ from the basic program of the specialty that university students enrolled in first education receive. By the way, students of the "second round" quite often enrolled in general groups. The main difference is that the “second” program is compressed in time - due to the fact that most general subjects are counted for students in the first diploma. Just like at the first higher, a student receiving a second education chooses between undergraduate and specialty.
Master's programs prepare young specialists for research and teaching, give a fundamental education in a specific field. Features of master's programs - this is a specific topic that each university determines independently within each area of \u200b\u200bstudy. When studying the directions of the program, students deeply work on the chosen topic of specialization. Education in the magistracy provides a solid scientific basis and methodology of scientific work. There is an opportunity to study in detail modern information technologies and methods for obtaining and processing scientific information. All classes involve practical consolidation of the theoretical material obtained: for this purpose, business games and analysis of the conditions of specific economic situations are held. For example, in the master's program of the State University of Management, in the process of training, students undergo research and production practice, conduct research. Those who wish are given the opportunity to pass exams for the candidate minimum and, after successful training, enter graduate school.
By participating in such workshops, students gain valuable initial experience in conducting professional activities.
Today in Russia there are several varieties of master's programs: firstly, these are programs developed in accordance with Russian education standards, and secondly, programs focused on Western standards (students receive a master's degree in European Master of Science in International Management - teaching conducted in English) and thirdly, programs that simultaneously take into account the requirements of Russian state and European standards. For example, at MGIMO, the master's program “Economics of the Oil and Gas Industry and Problems of Energy Policy” was opened jointly with the Italian University of Luigi Bocconi (Univerit di Commerciale Luigi Bocconi), which is a recognized European leader in economic and business education, working closely with leading global energy companies. The ICEF has an international master's program in financial economics, implemented with academic support from the London School of Economics and financial support from Russian and foreign donor organizations. The goal of the program is to train specialists who are knowledgeable of modern economic theory and the skills to use it in a rapidly changing financial environment, able to work at the level of modern world requirements.
Who goes?
According to statistics, 60-70% of students in the second higher education are people who have worked for a long time not in the diploma; for further advancement in the profession, they lack systematic knowledge and special education. For the most part, the second higher receive people about thirty years of age or older, held professionally and quite confidently standing on their feet. In relation to students leaving for “second” immediately after graduating from the first university, the term “retraining” was formed among Western recruiters (training in which the amount of specialist knowledge is fundamentally more than what is actually required in practice).
The master's program gives advantages to a wide variety of categories of specialists. On the one hand, the magistracy prepares professionals who plan to continue to engage in scientific activities or teaching. Master's degree greatly facilitates admission to graduate school and shortens the period of study in it. At the same time, the magistracy provides practitioners with in-depth specialization and fundamental knowledge in the chosen field. In a number of specialties (such as, for example, Jurisprudence, International Relations, etc.), magistracy is traditionally considered the final link in education - a bachelor’s diploma in such fields is not enough to effectively move up the career ladder.
A master’s diploma, unlike a specialist’s diploma, meets international educational standards.
How much and when?
According to the duration of training, the vast majority of master's programs are designed for two years, that is, four semesters. In order to get a bachelor's degree, you will have to study at the second highest from one and a half to two years, and for a specialist - three years.
And at the second higher, and in magistracy there is an opportunity to choose between full-time, evening (classes usually go from about 17-18 to 21-22 hours) and correspondence courses. But it is worth noting that 90% of budget places in the magistracy are allocated for full-time education. In addition, students of the "second round" in many universities are offered an individual class schedule.
The number of budget places for master's programs.
Instruction manual
The choice of the method of obtaining any profession directly depends on the nature of the profession itself. Of course, in the ranking of prestigious professions, pedagogical activity does not take first places, but the level of development of a country depends primarily on who and how the teacher teaches and educates. And this means that choosing a teacher’s profession should be a vocation.
In educational institutions, specialists are trained not in a particular profession, but in the direction, specialization. Therefore, if you have chosen a pedagogical activity, you should understand that a Russian language teacher is a specialty that can be obtained at the Faculty of Philology.
Having made a decision on the direction of training, proceed to the next stage - the choice of an educational institution in which specialists in linguistic disciplines are trained. Find out what subjects of the school curriculum must be passed in the form of a single state exam for admission to the Faculty of Philology. As a rule, in addition to the mandatory ones - the Russian language and mathematics, universities accept the results of the exam in literature, social studies or history.
The state educational standard of the Russian Federation provides for two systems of higher professional education - the training of specialists or bachelors. Both systems are equivalent, but there are a number of differences between them. The specialist receives a specific qualification, for example, a teacher of the Russian language and literature, and studies for 5 years. Undergraduate education provides the graduate with a wider field of choice of professions, but at the same time does not provide specific qualifications. This is the second educational level, the term of study is 4 years. To complete your education with the third final level, you must study for at least two more years at the magistracy.
In addition to choosing a university, a system of higher professional education, you must determine what form of education is most suitable for you: full-time, part-time, evening or external. As a part-time student, you can find a job in a school (for example, a counselor or an assistant school librarian) to become familiar with the learning process “from the inside”.
There are also pedagogical schools, colleges in which you can get specialized secondary education. The advantage of this way of obtaining a profession is that the desire to become a teacher during the course of study will either grow stronger or disappear, and then the graduate will be able to choose a university of another specialization.
Higher education ends with the creation of an intellectual product - thesis. Its quality characterizes professional qualifications. Upon graduation, you will receive a diploma of full higher education, which will indicate your specialization and profession, as well as the topic of the thesis. With this document, if you decide to work at school, you can successfully find a job.
Do I need to have a teacher education in order to become a teacher? Where are teachers trained?
In order to become a primary school teacher, it is enough to enroll in a pedagogical school after the 9th grade of the school and successfully complete it. To teach in high school, one school will not be enough - you need a higher pedagogical education. Most teachers in schools and kindergartens have a specialized profile education. The easiest way to get a teacher education is a pedagogical institute, but, fortunately, this path is not the only one. After graduating from any institution of higher education, the graduate has the right to teach at other educational institutions having 1-3 levels of accreditation. For example, a programming specialist may well go to work as a computer science teacher.
If you do not just want to become a teacher at school, but strive to teach at the university, you will have to complete a master's program. There are times when teaching does not require any academic degrees or diplomas of prestigious universities - you just need to thoroughly master the subject that you would like to teach. Often, as students, some specialists earn extra money by tutoring, helping schoolchildren or classmates lag behind in some subjects from the general course. It can be anything - math, chemistry, physics, foreign languages, it all depends on your preferences and skills. As you succeed in your chosen field, a side job can develop into a major profession - after all, each new student helps you gain valuable experience, improve yourself, and master modern teaching methods. In the future, it can also help you with admission to any prestigious profile courses.
It's no secret that students are not particularly keen on learning Russian language. Yes, and students, unfortunately, cannot boast of literacy. The reason for this state of affairs is that they have not formed a cognitive interest in the study of this subject. How to teach Russian to captivate children?
Instruction manual
When getting acquainted with spelling norms, pay attention of students to the structure of words. If they understand the identification of a particular morpheme, they will be able to understand in which part of the word the letter needs to be checked, and what spelling it is about. Reassure students that the ability to parse the word by its composition will help them avoid mistakes in writing.
Students should be aware that exceptions to the rules must be memorized. There is no other way to check these spellings. They are not so few. Therefore, if you come up with counters or poems about words, exceptions, it will simplify the work of children. For example, when studying the topic "Writing Y-I after Ts", you can invite children to remember a funny phrase: "A gypsy on tiptoe chicked a tsyk".
Teach children to work with different types of dictionaries, especially with spelling. It is necessary to develop a need for them, in case of difficulty in writing, not to contact the teacher immediately for help, but to turn to the dictionary for help. Writing a large number of words cannot be checked by remembering the rule or choosing a test word. They are checked in the dictionary.
Explain to the children that you need to learn to see well not only the structure of the word, but also the sentences. This will allow them to correctly place punctuation marks. For example, if a child sees that the sentence has a message or direct speech, then he thinks about punctuation in it. Teach students to see the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one. And they will be able to place punctuation marks in them without much difficulty.
The higher education system is constantly evolving, new standards and programs are appearing. So, the recently introduced master's programs today are quite successfully competing with the usual second higher education program.
Graduates of higher education programs who wish to continue their studies often ask themselves: what is better to choose - a second higher education or a master's program?
Second higher
The second higher education has long existed in the market of educational services and does not lose its popularity. Therefore, the programs of the second highest in various fields exist in almost any popular university in the country. Such an education is a fundamental training, with a detailed theoretical explanation of the material, which is why there are so many lecture hours, seminars and subjects in the programs of this form of education. This education is mainly for people who are busy and working, so training is carried out in the evening, on weekends or in absentia. Such an education is intended to teach a new profession “from scratch”, so the chosen field of study does not have to be connected with the first higher education. Rather, on the contrary, those who want to change their specialty, find a new job or supplement existing activities with the necessary knowledge go to get a second higher education. Programs in the field of jurisprudence, economics, management, psychology are especially popular.
Thus, the second higher education is suitable for those people who want to get fundamental, solid knowledge in their chosen specialty. Among the minuses of the second higher education can be called the duration of its receipt - a diploma is issued after 3-4 years of successful studies, its theoretical orientation in many respects, as well as high cost: for some programs, prestigious universities request 400-600 thousand rubles.
Master
Master's programs are an alternative to a second higher education. You can enter the magistracy after graduating from a bachelor's or specialty. More recently, graduate studies were perceived only as an addition to the undergraduate program and allowed better understanding of the specialty. But today its programs have expanded significantly, and also began to focus on the practical development of the subject. Therefore, the magistracy today is a worthy competitor to the second higher education.
Today, a bachelor's degree can be obtained in one area, and a master's degree can be chosen in another. First of all, this applies to graduate programs that are not related to special knowledge and are not highly specialized areas, for example, such as Management, Economics, Political Science, Public Administration, Psychology. One can study quite successfully in such specialties, even if the undergraduate program is in no way connected with them. However, if the master's program assumes the presence of serious knowledge in engineering, medicine, biology, chemistry, it is better to choose such a specialty after one of the related undergraduate programs.
Master's programs usually have a fairly narrow specialization and a minimum of theoretical presentation of the material. Master students receive extensive practical skills related to the implementation of their program in the form of a research project. Masters programs in duration take only 1-2 years. Usually they are paid, especially for students from other universities and specialties, but their duration helps to reduce training costs.
In general, it is up to the future student to decide which program of higher education to enter. The second degree will provide thorough knowledge of the new specialty, and the master's program will instill a practical understanding of the subject.