Development of children's and youth social movement. Historical information about the development of children's movement in the Russian Federation. Children's and youth movements in modern Russia
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COURSE WORK
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S AND YOUTH MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA
Introduction
Conclusion
List of used literature
Introduction
Relevance of the topic.The foundation of Russia's development at the present stage is the formation of a civil society capable of constructively interacting with other forces of society in the name of common goals, interests, values, as well as those who are ready to subordinate their private interests and ways of achieving them to the common good expressed in legal norms. In order for the subject of civil society to become an active personality, he must be "raised", his personality must be formed. It is necessary to educate the young generation, which tomorrow will live in the state, to shape its policy and life. Therefore, today the priority direction of the state youth policy at all levels (federal, regional, municipal) is the development of social activity of young people, civic consciousness through their participation in the activities of youth and children's public associations, youth parliaments, governments, and other consultative and advisory structures created under legislative and executive bodies of different levels, student self-government bodies.
The development of a children's youth social movement is a long process. For the development of the movement and the active participation of children and adolescents in it, it is necessary to create conditions that provide coordinators and organizers with specific resources and skills that make active participation possible, and gradually include them in activities.
Citizenship and mentality do not arise by themselves. To a certain extent, these are derivatives of the cultural, economic, and political context. A real children's youth movement is necessary for children to show initiative, independence, for feasible and real participation in the life of society, for arranging their own lives, for realizing the desire for adulthood and affirming their personality in activities that are significant for society. It is necessary for society and a democratically organized state, since a real children's movement contributes to the birth of a citizen, i.e. "A person who judges everything, like the head of the government." The Russian state has already demonstrated its interest in such a children's movement by adopting the Federal Law “On State Support of Youth and Children's Public Associations”. A similar interest was revealed by many constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have adopted similar laws and regulations in their territories.
At the same time, youth as a social group and a young person as a citizen began to more actively manifest themselves as social and political subjects, introducing new ideas and actively participating in the realization of their own, state and public interests. In the new generation, qualities such as independence, receptivity to new things, adaptability to life changes, etc. are enhanced. A stabilizing trend is being observed, which is already turning into positive and constructive forms of manifestation of youth activity.
The current stage of state youth policy can be characterized as a period of search and accumulation of new social and political experience of its formation and functioning. The deepening of the independence of the regions and the development of the system of local self-government bodies predetermined the modern regional youth policy, the implementation of programs and events addressed to the young generation of a particular region.
Based on this, we can say that the topic for consideration is relevant.
Purpose: to consider the development of the children's and youth movement in Russia.
The object of consideration is public organizations in Russia.
The subject is children's and youth public organizations.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1. Perform analysis of literature and other sources on the proposed topic, generalization of the studied material and selection of the necessary data.
2. Describe the main stages in the history of the development of the children's and youth movement in Russia.
3. Give the concept of the social significance of the activities of youth movements.
4. Consider the main and priority directions of the state youth policy.
Teterskiy S.V., Khramtsova F.I. were engaged in the development of the children's and youth movement in Russia. and others. Methodological and methodological issues of the development of the youth movement are considered in the publications of KS Zykova, LA Baykova, LA Grebennikova, OV Eremina, and others. The works of L. Morozov are devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the social activity of youth movements. V., Skrobova A.P., Dubrovich S.M. et al.
The methodological basis of our research is: data from pedagogy, educational work, public organizations, sociology, the principle of objective reality, the principle of consistency; research methods: source analysis; data selection; systematization and generalization of the material.
The work consists of an introduction, a conclusion, the main part - two chapters. The work used the sources indicated in the bibliography.
1. Development of the children's and youth movement
1.1 History of the development of the youth movement
Peer society is an essential factor in the development of children, and especially adolescents and youth. A child is by nature a social being in the highest sense of the word. In communication with peers, he gains additional knowledge, enriches life experience, assimilates social norms and value orientations, develops evaluation criteria, gains experience of relationships with peers, experiences feelings of friendship and comradeship, finds opportunities for self-realization and self-affirmation, feels an emotionally positive state of unity with peers ...
The end of the XIX - the tenth years of the XX century. - the time of the formation of the children's movement as a new social reality in the world and in Russia. The new social phenomenon drew the state's attention to children as a real force capable of providing adults with some support in solving specific problems, for example, in reforming the education system, protecting state foundations and values; in training the defenders of the country, etc. Confirmation of what has been said is the emergence and rapid development in England (and then in the world) of the scout movement for children and youth, the purpose of which is loyal service to the Fatherland. In the creation of the first units of scouts (1907-1908), one can see an attempt to combine state interests with the natural needs of children - the desire for action, the desire for romance, heroism.
Five stages can be distinguished in the development of the youth movement in Russia. The first stage belongs to the pre-revolutionary period and can be described as scouting. The activity of children of this initial period was expressed in the mass organized experience of the children's movement, which manifested itself as a social factor that determined the various positions of children in society. The merit of scouting is that it has greatly contributed to the personal growth of children and adolescents. The detailed growth system and the system of symbolic rewards also increased the personal interest of the children. The activity forms of the scout system included forest games, games like KVN and Zarnitsa, campgrounds, etc. The pedagogical activity of innovative teachers Shatsky and Blonsky, the authors of the so-called social role-playing game, is widely known. They also developed some institutions of self-government such as the SD (council of affairs).
The second stage fell on the period between the civil and the second world wars. Created on the basis of self-government pioneer. Many forms of work were borrowed from scouts, but the activities of the pioneers were aimed at socially useful affairs, and their detachments took the names not of animals, but of revolutionary and historical heroes (Spartak, Bauman, etc.). The first activities of the pioneers were collecting food to help the hungry in the Volga region, collecting scrap metal and waste paper, etc. The peak of the pioneers' activity was the program for the eradication of illiteracy in the villages.
In the 1930s, when the struggle against counter-revolution was over, the activity of the pioneers was reduced to study. Independent directions emerged: Timurovites, Makarenko communes and the so-called production workers. The Timurov movement flourished after the publication of the book by Arkady Gaidar. These were detachments, assembled mainly from the yard children. The main direction of their activity was socially useful affairs. Makarenko's main merit is the creation of childish communes from socially maladjusted children. His style of work was very democratic, almost everything was decided by the advice of the guys, and Makarenko himself officially performed only a coordinating function. For the first time, children's production was also tested in communes. The organized Komsomol movement was actually involved in the construction, production, social, agricultural and political activities of the Soviet state
During the war years, pioneers and Komsomol members, on an equal basis with adults, participated in the construction of defensive lines, worked in factories and factories, participated in military operations, committed sabotage behind enemy lines, and were irreplaceable scouts in partisan detachments. Most of the youth died during the war. After the war, Komsomol construction projects and the development of virgin lands gained strength. The country was reborn from the ashes, gaining military, economic and political independence.
In the mid-1950s, the third stage of the youth movement began to gain momentum. The directions of this period include such types of activity as the search movement, the Amateur Song Club (KSP), communal services and the movement of international brigades and propaganda brigades. At the beginning of their existence, the search parties specialized in the search for iron. Later, the search parties began to gradually switch to the search for graves and missing persons. The search engines were also many members of the Amateur Song Club, who introduced culture into the world of songs, which was later called the Author's Song.
The founder of the commune was the Leningrad teacher Ivanov, who created the famous Frunze Commune in Leningrad. The main distinguishing feature of the commune is the cult of self-government. The members of the communes themselves planned the case, conducted it themselves and discussed it themselves. Moreover, reflection in the communard methodology has always occupied a very important place. Another merit of the commune was the first steps in the field of theorizing the development of a group, collective, etc. Search is always associated with tourism and, as a result, children's and youth tourist clubs begin to appear, for which tourism is becoming the main profile.
The movement of the fans was striking. Their idea was based on the desire to read good literature, which in the USSR was often not given an official move, a significant part of which was fiction. A sharp rise has been outlined in fandom with the appearance of talented science fiction writers in our country (Strugatskys, Efremov, Kazantsev, Krapivin). In the 70s, directions of the informal youth movement appeared, which had a negative orientation. They are hippies, punks. Their main idea was to study and promote the Western way of life. In the depths of the punk culture, a peculiar musical style arose - the underground, through which some of the youth also tried to express their protest. In the early 1980s, youth organizations also emerged with a bright political color, for example, the Nazis, the Pamyat society, etc.
The fourth stage ended with perestroika and the fall of the USSR. This period is characterized by a weakening of the movements of fans, KSP, punks and some others, since one important attribute of these movements, semi-legality, disappears. Among the new directions of the youth informal movement that have arisen in our time, we can single out scouting. Moreover, it should be considered in Russia precisely as the emergence of a new movement, and not as a revival of the old scouting, since many leaders who previously worked in other directions and largely preserved old traditions have switched to scouting. Another powerful movement that has integrated many former leaders in other areas is the role-playing movement. The main sources of current roleplayers are fandom, hippies and various educational circles. Within the framework of this movement, several sub-directions are distinguished. The most common of them are Tolkienists.
Recently, there has been a trend towards an increase in the number of youth movements in Russia. Modern youth movements are diverse in their focus, forms and mechanisms for the implementation of programs and projects. Moreover, most of these movements are concentrated in large economic centers, the capitals of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation.
Thus, in Russia from 1920 to 1993, pioneer and Komsomol organizations were organized and actively developed. This form of the children's youth movement really had a great weight in society, actively included the younger generation in the system of Soviet moral education, formed the foundations of patriotism and democratic activity of the younger generation. Examples are the exploits of children and youth during the Great Patriotic War, during the years of the construction of Soviet society. Various children's youth trends: bikers, skinheads, punks, hippies, fans and others.
1.2 Contemporary children's youth movement in Russia
The modern children's movement intensified in the mid-1990s: numerous children's and youth associations, both formal and informal, began to appear. They represent a rather variegated picture, which is characterized by variability:
Organizational and legal forms: associations, organizations, movements, unions, associations, leagues, commonwealths, centers, clubs, etc. For example, the Iskra Association (Volgograd), the Novosibirsk Youth Union, the Association of Young Art Lovers (Chelyabinsk) , tourist club "Comrade" (Obninsk), etc .;
Scales and levels: international (for example, the Union of Pioneer Organizations), republican (movement "Nevada", Semipalatinsk), interregional (association of clubs of beginning journalists "Siberian Christmas"), regional, district, city, at the microdistrict level (detachment "Dear "The Sokol microdistrict of Moscow);
Goals and focus of the content of the activity: patriotic, economic, environmental, pioneer, scout, political, pacifist, religious, etc .;
Activity programs: "Commonwealth", "Children's Order of Mercy", "School of Democratic Culture", "I myself", "I want to do my job" (for young businessmen), "Game is a serious matter", "The world will be saved by beauty", " Leader ”,“ Pioneer Commonwealth ”,“ Little Prince of the Earth ”(for young ecologists),“ Revival ”,“ School of Survival ”(for scouts), etc .;
Organizational structures, their appearance: link, patrol, brigade, team, detachment, squad, club, etc .; they have their own statutes, laws, rituals, symbols, attributes;
Periodicals: newspapers, magazines, almanacs, bulletins, information and methodological bulletins (for example, the newspaper of the Union of Pioneer Organizations);
Bases for the formation of children's associations: educational institutions, institutions of additional education, clubs, cultural institutions, orphanages, boarding schools at the place of residence, etc.;
The names of the organizer of the association: leader, leader, counselor, instructor, scout-master, social educator, etc. By the way, the position of senior counselor is preserved in schools today and can be effectively used in work with students. The function of the class teacher has also changed: he is not obliged to work with children's organizations, but can take part on a voluntary basis;
Systems for training pedagogical personnel: in universities, pedagogical colleges, clubs, reviving pedagogical teams, etc .; in various forms (courses, fees, camps, seminars, etc.); to replenish the budget.
Modern children's and youth associations did not arise from scratch: they use the many years of experience in the first steps of the children's movement in Russia, the positive experience of the pioneer organization that replaced scouting. Until now, the theoretical basis of the modern children's movement is based on the ideas of N.K.Krupskaya, A.S. Makarenko, V.A. ... Scouting is an international children's and youth movement. Its purpose is to help children and young people educate themselves intellectually, physically and spiritually. In our country, the first squadron appeared in 1909. The revival of scouting in Russia began in the mid-1980s. in Tomsk, now spread throughout the country.
The well-known teacher and scientist L.A. Baykova notes that a pioneer is the position of a person, a pioneer, discovering the good in people. One of the tasks is to develop children's amateur performances, to create favorable relations "personality - team". Today, the pioneers have lost the rigid regulation of activities that each organization chooses for itself. Thus, the Union of Pioneer Organizations of the Voronezh Region has chosen the following programs: "School of Democratic Culture", "Children's Order of Mercy", "Game is a Serious Business", "Golden Needle", "Tree of Life", "I want to do my job", " Your own voice ”,“ Vacations ”,“ The world will be saved by beauty ”,“ Scarlet sails ”,“ From culture and sports to a healthy lifestyle ”,“ Leader ”and“ Growth ”.
In the theory and methodology of upbringing, there has long existed and there is an idea that the children's movement uniting children (according to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this is the age from 7 to 18 years old) is an important factor in the development of a personality, its socialization. Currently, a generation of young people has formed in Russia who are very different from their predecessors. Around youth, as a social group, scholars continue to argue about the interest and attempts of active participation of youth organizations in the development of the country. The relevance of the discussions is obvious, since the future power, values \u200b\u200band culture are behind the current young generation. Some youth groups demonstrate innovativeness (student clubs, youth parliament, etc.), others - tradition (student cooperatives, leisure and patriotic associations, etc.).
Uniting in various groups, companies, teams, often with the participation of adults, children concentrate their efforts to achieve specific goals in a variety of activities, both socially significant and asocial, which is confirmed by the data of a sociological survey conducted by a group of teachers (I.I. Frishman, L. V. Baiborodova, A. V. Volokhov and others).
Experience has shown that children's and youth associations in Russia differ in the content of their activities, in the time of their existence, in the form of management. Socio-political, religious, patriotic, educational and other associations of children differ in content. For example, in terms of content, individual associations can be characterized as labor ones, in which the tasks of organizing the labor activity of children for the purpose of earning money are realized, for example, by making repairs at the school. These are student cooperatives, created most often for joint activities of children to solve personal economic problems.
Leisure associations involve solving the problem of developing the abilities and inclinations of children, the problem of providing them with opportunities for communication, self-expression and self-affirmation; for example, collective creative affairs, competitions, various circles, clubs, studios both at school and in institutions of additional education. Due to the fact that the child enters these collectives voluntarily, in accordance with his interests, here he occupies a completely different status position in comparison with the position in the class.
Based on the foregoing, three main functions of children's associations can be distinguished: developing (ensures the civil, moral formation of the individual, the development of his social creativity, the ability to interact with people, to put forward and achieve socially and personally significant goals); orientation (provision of conditions for the orientation of children in the system of moral, social, political, cultural values); compensatory (creating conditions for the realization of the needs, interests, capabilities of the child that are not in demand in other communities, to eliminate the deficit of communication and complicity).
The goal of any association's activities can be viewed in two aspects: on the one hand, as a goal set by children, on the other, as a purely educational goal set by adults participating in the work of children's associations. Speaking about the first aspect, it should be noted that voluntary unification of children is possible only when they see in it the prospect of an interesting life, an opportunity to satisfy their needs. It is important that unification increases the social significance of their activities, makes them more "mature". This aspect, which does not contradict the "childish" goal, presupposes the creation of conditions in the organization under which the socialization of the child's personality is more successful, resulting in the desire and readiness of children to perform social functions in society. A striking example of such associations is the already traditional student clubs of a sports, creative, scientific and educational nature, the youth parliament, youth trade union organizations, etc. From the examples given, it is clear that the children's and youth movements in Russia are becoming an essential factor in positive education, complementing purposeful educational school process.
Based on the above, we note that at present, in many regions of Russia, the children's movement is gaining strength, acquiring forms of various in content and methodology of activities of children's and youth organizations (labor organizations, leisure associations, student cooperatives, etc.). These organizations are becoming a good help in education. Children's associations in modern conditions have a fundamental difference: they are of a public nature, that is, anyone who wishes, according to their interests, can enroll and go to a certain circle or association. This means that the youth movement is a social movement that does not have a strict organizational structure, headed by a youth leader, pursuing social, political and other socially significant goals.
1.3 The state of the children's and youth social movement in the Russian Federation
Children's public association is one of the structures in the diversity of youth movements, a form of organizing children's amateur performance, social activity, self-realization; a special pedagogically organized environment for a child's life; pedagogically transformed society. The exit of the children's movement from under the control of the state and official public structures led to the spontaneous growth of various organizations. They arise, take shape, act where they find fertile ground and support.
Most often, the basis of the emerging experience is the school and institutions of additional education - the main centers for the upbringing of modern children, as well as public structures of a non-political nature, legally existing, having a legal status in the state and society. The new educational space, formed as a result of organized pedagogical efforts in managing the process of child's personality development, is becoming a serious alternative to informal spontaneous children's associations of a negative orientation. Children's youth organization is a form of social education of children, which integrates the process of personality development by means of training, education, socialization, self-education, self-education, self-realization - the most important condition for the holistic development of a personality: reasonably organized leisure of children - the environment of their life, a society in which a child can really to show oneself as a subject of activity in various statuses, roles, positions, in individual and collective, executive and creative activities; as a person with his own civic position; can gain experience of familiarizing with future state and public structures; an effective means of acquiring personal life experience of independence, experience of human communication, collective joint activities with peers and adults; a means of emotional and moral development in the circle of comrades, like-minded people, enthusiastic people, not indifferent; the world of play, fantasy, freedom of creativity; "The world of real childhood" - the most valuable in the life of a growing person.
As a reality of the educational space, teenage organizations are supported by regulatory and legal state laws. Children's organizations have great educational opportunities, being involved in the activities of youth organizations, both public and political.
A characteristic feature of the modern development of the children's and youth social movement is the voluntariness of joining an organization. This should remain the unconditional norm of their activities. However, the freedom of a young person to choose his organization at this stage is manifested for the majority of young people as the freedom not to choose any of them, which significantly complicates the dialogue of state and public structures with the younger generation. Few of the youth associations provide for mass membership of young people. It is characteristic that of the youth and children's associations of the federal level, only 30 organizations provide for a fixed membership, 27 organizations are associations of associations, movements, unions of organizations that do not provide for a fixed membership. According to expert estimates, public associations registered by the justice authorities cover from 46% to 87% of adolescents and schoolchildren, and 12-44% of young people. The most weakly unifying processes among the youth are represented in small towns and in rural areas.
According to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, at the beginning of 2012, 89 all-Russian and international youth and children's public associations were registered. As of January 1, 2012, the Federal Register of youth and children's public associations enjoying state support, which is maintained in accordance with the Federal Law "On State Support of Youth and Children's Public Associations", includes 58 organizations: 14 children, 44 youth; 28 all-Russian, 28 inter-regional, 2 international.
The social movement at the present stage can be characterized as demonopolized, variable in the direction of activity (professional, creative, realization of interests, sports, environmental, military-patriotic, civil-patriotic, charitable, etc.), diverse in the forms and mechanisms of the programs being implemented and projects. The activity of more than 50% of public associations can be characterized as multidirectional. These organizations bring together representatives of different social groups of adolescents and youth. The activities of most organizations are aimed at solving specific problems of society, children and youth. Many of them implement programs for the creation of social youth services, labor exchanges, the development of child and youth entrepreneurship, sports, the identification and support of young talents, national and cultural revival, summer vacations, solving housing problems, etc.
In the mid-90s of the last century, the formation of youth consultative and advisory structures began operating under the legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (public youth chambers, parliaments, governments, councils, etc.), which are voluntary, self-governing formations created on the initiative of young people, acting in compliance with the principles of electivity and legitimacy. At the initial stage, the movement was driven by a spontaneous initiative from below, which did not always find the support of the authorities and broad youth circles.
Today, more than a third of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have youth parliamentary structures at the regional level. In a number of Russian regions, consultative and advisory structures have a real right to speak from the position of all young people, actively interact with the authorities, and move from the object to the subject of the implementation of state youth policy. Youth parliamentarism is actively developing at the international level.
An important step in the development of the youth parliamentary movement was the creation of the Youth Parliamentary Assembly under the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Public Youth Chamber under the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. This is a reflection of the state's position at the federal level on the development of youth parliamentarism. youth movement organization education
Today the youth parliamentary movement is represented in various forms: youth government; a youth parliament with the status of a public association; youth parliaments, created under the legislative branch, with different statuses: scientific - consultative, consultative - consultative, consultative - executive body.
Thus, the stage of the formation of a youth and children's social movement based on the diversity of forms and the breadth of opportunities for young people to choose their organization, which began in the 90s, is basically completed. A return to the model of a single and unique union of youth or children (which the pioneer organization and the Komsomol were for a long time) is impossible in the foreseeable future: this idea is not popular among young people and youth organizations and is contrary to the changed social conditions
2. Youth policy of the state
2.1 Development of children's and youth organizations as an educational institution
Children's public organizations arise on the initiative of children, as a result of their desire to be engaged in circles, sections, clubs, to participate in the life of their district, city, to help individual residents, as well as enterprises, institutions. An important role in the creation of youth organizations is played by specific programs, competitions, festivals offered to children. The main feature is the creation of children's associations not by order from “above”, “on a single principle,” but voluntarily, democratically, proactively with the help of children and adults, taking into account local traditions, economic, social, and national interests. The modern children's movement, while not strictly speaking a mass one, is a living, dynamic phenomenon. Forms, structures are varied.
Children's and youthful public organizations can be viewed as a possible link in the educational system of a state educational institution (schools, institutions of additional education), as well as an independent specific educational system included in the educational space of a particular society. Two functions of their activity dominate: the realization of the individual needs of the child and his socialization. By the degree of implementation of these functions, one can judge their place in the educational space. These functions are presented in concepts and programs.
There is a wide variety of different programs. An example is the program “ Revival ",which is advisory in nature. The main idea: "Save yourself for Russia and Russia for yourself." In the actions of the program, 2 concerns are closely intertwined: one - about the spiritual and physical improvement of a person, his survival in the new economic, environmental, social conditions; the other is about the past, present and future of Russia. The program includes 9 interrelated projects: Robinson, Discoverers, Travelers in the Past, Treasure Hunters, Rescuers, Rukomeslo, Stalkers, We Are Together and the Russian Abroad. There are other equally interesting programs: "Children's Order of Mercy", "A Step Towards", "The Tree of Life", "Your Voice", "Vacations", "Scarlet Sails" and others.
Children's and youth associations in modern Russia are considered as an educational institution that expands the zone of formation of a common culture, contributes to the formation of the inner world of children and adolescents, the formation of new value orientations, and stimulates the social development of the child.
In the conditions of democratization of society, it became necessary to make significant changes in the work of children's organizations. The most effective way to update the content of their work is to provide children with the opportunity to choose a field of activity and communication in associations, organizations, groups, in which the necessary conditions are created for the socialization of the individual. Currently, in children's and youth associations, the variative-program approach dominates, which presupposes the presence of a complex of programs that differ from each other in the content of children's activities and in the forms and methods of work that are adequate to it. These programs are age-specific and take into account the range of interests and needs of children.
The work of children's social and political associations is of great importance for the education of a democratic culture of children. To be a politically developed person with a democratic culture means, first of all, to promote harmony, harmonization of the multidirectional interests existing in society, to be aimed at finding compromises that contribute to a constructive solution of the tasks facing society, social strata, and individuals. Political parties and movements, as a rule, have their own youth branches. This suggests that modern young people are not indifferent to the political future and modern history of the country. The result of their vigorous activity, for example in the city of Voronezh, is the establishment of local youth Dumas, organizations and amateur associations. To think and act in this way, a person needs historical, philosophical and worldview, economic, political science, psychological, cultural knowledge about the social environment in which he acts.
The task of educating the socio-economic activity of children in children's associations is also relevant today. This process is provided by:
Interaction between children and adults in socio-economic relations;
Using imitation forms in preparing children for economic relations;
Approbation of the acquired knowledge in practice.
As an example, consider the work in the children's organization "Raduga" (Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh region), where they used an imitation game "Children's loan", the essence of which was that each participant in the game was offered to become a holder of a bond, on the coupons of which the emblems of the program were printed children's organization and information about the proposed competition tasks. The tasks were different: working in the forestry, clearing the forest, making bags for medicines under an agreement with pharmacies, working on flower beds, etc. These were tasks for collecting materials about Russian villages, trades, describing family traditions, compiling a pedigree and much more. ... The winner is the one who completed all four tasks, investing his intellectual and practical work.
Of great importance for the upbringing of children are their temporary associations, which have special educational opportunities, since real conditions are created here for dynamic and intensive communication of the child with peers, various options for the implementation of his creative activity are provided. The intensity of communication and specially assigned activities allow him to change his ideas, stereotypes, views of himself, peers, adults. In a temporary children's association, adolescents try to independently organize their life activities, while occupying a position from a passive observer to an active organizer of the life of the association. If the process of communication and activity in the association takes place in a friendly atmosphere, attention is paid to each child, then this helps him to create a positive model of behavior, contributes to emotional and psychological rehabilitation. Typical temporary associations of children are children's summer centers, tourist groups, for example, the tourist club "Dontsy" (Ostrogozhsk), the association "Iskorki" (Voronezh), etc.
The contemporary Russian youth movement has become one of the most active social structures. The development of society largely depends on his economic, political and cultural choices. However, many of the real problems of youth practice remain outside the academic and research interest. Certain manifestations of modern youth life fall into the sphere of state concern only in a situation of a clear threat to social stability.
Young people between the ages of 14 and 25 are drawn to new things that arise in any culture. However, in addition to progressive social updates, there is always a reason to foresee a forecast of danger for modern society. For example, the emergence of aggressive groups (skinheads), gambling addiction, an increase in drug addiction and youth crime. The task of educational institutions is to reorient the teenager to personal creativity, not freeing him from civilized fetters, but making him free within civilization itself.
Thus, children's and youth associations of a positive orientation expand the zone of formation of a common culture, contribute to the formation of an inner world, the formation of new value orientations, and stimulate the social development of a young person. I would like to draw a prognostic conclusion that modern youth is a mobile and promising part of society, a potential engine of new ideas. Her energy, thirst for search and change is a force that can change the world. The future always depends on the young. To build a promising future, it is necessary to support the initiative and desire of the young generation to actively participate in solving various problems, to create conditions for the formation and all-round development of the personality of each young person.
The development of a children's youth social movement is a long process. For the active participation of children and adolescents in it, it is necessary to create conditions that provide coordinators and organizers with specific resources and skills that make active participation possible, and gradually include them in activities.
2.2 State youth policy in modern Russia
Social significance is the main stimulus for the activity of people as social beings. That is, the socially significant activity of youth movements is the activity of youth movements aimed at changing the course of events in public life. Youth movements are the object and subject of state youth policy, therefore, the activities of youth movements and their social significance from the point of view of the goals and objectives of the youth policy of the Russian Federation influences the course of events in society.
So, the state youth policy is designed to ensure:
Strategic succession of generations, preservation and development of national culture, education of young people to respect the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia;
Formation of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state, capable of socialization in a civil society, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, using the capabilities of the legal system, possessing a high statehood and showing national and religious tolerance, respectful attitude to the languages, traditions and culture of other peoples, tolerance for spiritual opinion, the ability to seek and find meaningful compromises;
Formation of a culture of peace and interpersonal relations, rejection of forceful methods of resolving political conflicts within the country, readiness to defend it from aggression;
Versatile and timely development of young people, their creative abilities, skills of self-organization, self-realization of the individual, the ability to defend their rights, to participate in the activities of public associations;
Formation of a holistic worldview and a modern scientific worldview in them, the development of a culture of interethnic relations;
Formation of positive labor motivation in young citizens, high business activity, successful mastery of the basic principles of professionalization, skills of effective behavior in the labor market;
The development of various social skills and roles by young people, responsibility for their own well-being and the state of society, the development of a culture of their social behavior, taking into account the openness of society, its informatization, the growth of the dynamism of changes.
The fundamentals of the activities of youth and children's public associations are determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 13 part 4, Article 13 part 5, Article 19 part 2, Article 30); The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One, Article 117); Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations", Ch. 2, Art. 6 "Public and religious organizations (associations)"; Federal Law “On Public Associations”; Federal Law "On Education" (Article 32). The main legal act that directly regulates activities in the field of interaction between government bodies and youth and children's public associations is the Federal Law "On State Support of Youth and Children's Public Associations" (28.06.1995 No. 98-FZ. The law defines guarantees, general principles, content and measures of state support for youth and children's public associations of the Russian Federation at the federal level in the amount of targeted funding from the federal budget and extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation allocated for these purposes.
State support for youth and children's associations is understood as a set of measures taken by state authorities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of state youth policy in order to create and ensure legal, economic and organizational conditions, guarantees and incentives for the activities of such associations, aimed at social formation, development and self-realization of children and youth in public life, as well as for the protection and protection of their rights.
The state youth policy in the Russian Federation is implemented in the following priority areas:
1) the involvement of young people in the social, economic, political and cultural life of the state and society;
2) support and development of youth and children's public associations;
3) spiritual and physical development of youth;
4) moral and patriotic education of young citizens;
5) support for capable, proactive and talented youth, development and implementation of the creative and innovative potential of young citizens in the interests of state and social development;
6) state support for young professionals;
7) state assistance to young families and providing conditions for the key participation of young people in the sustainable demographic development of the country;
8) creation of a system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency among young people;
9) support for young people who find themselves in difficult life situations.
The state youth policy is aimed, in particular, at the development of youth associations, movements, initiatives, and it was stated that it is carried out in relation to youth associations and is carried out with state bodies and officials, youth associations, their associations and young citizens. According to the Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation "On the main directions of state youth policy in the Russian Federation" dated 03.06.1993 No. 5090-1, one of the directions of state youth policy in the Russian Federation is called "support of the activities of youth and children's associations." In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On military-patriotic youth and children's associations" dated July 24, 2000 No. 551, the concept of military-patriotic youth and children's associations is given, the tasks, legal foundations, main directions and forms of their activities are defined.
The normative legal basis of interaction between the state and public associations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, is made up of laws, programs, by-laws concerning the regional youth policy in general, on the other hand, laws, programs, by-laws concerning directly state support of regional public associations ... The practice of work confirms that in those regions where independent laws on measures to support public associations have been adopted, the interaction of state bodies with the public sector is also more effectively built.
In general, at least half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have formed a legal basis for state support of children's public associations. In 47 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, laws on state youth policy have been adopted, in which separate sections are assigned to issues of state support for youth and children's public associations. In 32 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there are laws on state support for youth and children's public associations. In 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, issues of support for youth and children's public associations are regulated by decrees, resolutions or orders of the local executive authority.
In accordance with the Strategy of the State Youth Policy, several priority directions of youth policy are identified: involving young people in social practice and informing them about potential development opportunities; development of creative activity of youth; integration of young people who find themselves in difficult life situations into the life of society. Thus, youth movements contribute to the formation of a healthy, viable young generation, and therefore a future society.
Consequently, youth movements, as a subject of state youth policy, can perform the following functions: educate young people to respect the historical and cultural heritage of Russia; contribute to the formation of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state; form a culture of peace and interpersonal relations, rejection of aggression; contribute to the diversified development of young people; form a holistic worldview; contribute to the formation of positive labor motivation among young citizens; socialize young people into public life.
2.3 Regional youth policy at the present stage
The trend of uneven distribution of the modern social movement across the region has been preserved. Regional youth and children's movements are concentrated and operate mainly in regional centers.
It is difficult to overestimate the role of the youth and children's movement in the mechanisms for the implementation of public activity of young people. As an important form of self-government, youth organizations, associations and movements are called upon to represent the interests of young people in state youth policy, thereby realizing their subjectivity in all spheres of society.
Regional youth policy reflects the attitude of the society of the Voronezh region to young people, is designed to promote the development of young people in the Voronezh region, their effective involvement in the overall process of socio-economic development. Regional youth policy expresses in relation to the young generation a strategic line on ensuring the socio-economic, political and cultural development of the Voronezh region in the context of the development of Russia, on the formation of patriotism and respect for the history and culture of the fatherland, for other peoples, for the observance of human rights among young citizens ...
There are 37 youth and children's public associations actively operating in the Voronezh region. They differ in quantitative parameters, legal status, organizational and legal forms, scale of functioning, goals and content of activities, etc.
The most common organizational and legal form of youth and children's public associations is a public organization. In addition, there are formations with organizational and legal forms - a social movement, a public fund, a body of public initiative. Many associations have not clearly defined their organizational and legal form.
In the field of the children's and youth movement, there are associations that are branches, departments, collective subjects of international and all-Russian youth and children's organizations, as well as interregional, regional (republican, regional, regional, district) and local (district, city, etc.) formations. It should be noted that the age composition of the members of the associations is often mixed - children, adolescents and youth. Accurate data on the number of associations and their numbers are often lacking. For these reasons, it is possible to present only an approximate picture of the state of the youth and children's social movement in the Voronezh region, to identify some trends and problems of its evolution.
The efforts of the Department of Education, Science and Youth Policy are aimed at stabilizing the activities of public organizations, creating qualified personnel for children and youth associations, stimulating the growth of the quantitative composition of public associations, and consolidating the public movement. In 2009, the number of children and youth covered by the activities of public associations increased (in the regional context - by an average of 1.2%), the number of public associations operating on the basis of educational institutions (by an average of 0.8%), self-organizing pro-social children and youth formations operating at the place of residence (on average by 0.9%).
The number of public associations that received financial support on a competitive basis increased. The largest youth public associations are: the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization, the Center for Historical, Patriotic and International Education of Children and Youth "Tanais", the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization "Youth Institute for Social Programs", the Voronezh Regional Public Children's Organization "Iskra", the Rock Movement Support Fund " SHURF ", Voronezh regional public children's organization of scouts, Voronezh regional branch of the All-Russian public organization" Young Guard of United Russia ", Voronezh local children's public organization" Commonwealth ", Voronezh regional public organization" Center for Youth Initiatives VGASU ", Regional branch of the Voronezh region of the Interregional Public Organization Promoting the development of sovereign democracy "OURS", Interregional Free Trade Union of Students, Autonomous non-profit organization of additional education "Free University", Voronezh Regional I am a public children's organization "The Young Generation for Traffic Safety", the Voronezh Regional Fund for the Support of Folk Art and Author's Song "CLUB-STUDIO" PARUS ", the Voronezh Regional Public Organization" Historical and Patriotic Search Association "Don", Voronezh City Public Children's Organization "Center gaming technologies ", Regional Fund for Promotion of Youth Entrepreneurship" Youth of Voronezh of the 21st Century ", Voronezh Regional Public Fund" Center for Social Programs of the Russian Union of Youth ", Voronezh Regional Public Organization" Commonwealth of Children's Organizations ", Voronezh Regional Youth Public Movement" Voronezh League of KVN ", Youth regional public organization "Voronezh Regional Aviation Technical Club named after soldiers - internationalists", Autonomous non-profit organization "Nazorey", Voronezh branch of the all-Russian public organization "Russian Communist Union Youth ", Voronezh regional public organization of military-patriotic education of youth" Berkut - Airborne Forces ", Autonomous non-profit organization social adaptation center" Alternative ".
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“At the end of the 19th century, the first out-of-school children's associations began to appear in Russia. Representatives of the intelligentsia created circles, clubs, sports grounds and summer health colonies for children from poor families, many of whom did not go to school, but worked in production. " Student organizations, Artels of toilers, and partnerships were also created. “At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the May Unions for the Protection of Birds and Animals were active in foreign Europe, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating which was proposed by the Finnish storyteller Zachary Topelius. In Russia, the first May Union was organized in May 1898 in the village of Elizavetino, Pskov province, who returned from the Grand Duchy of Finland, landowner E.E. Vaganova. Thanks to publications in children's magazines, a year later May Unions began to be created on the basis of many Russian schools and unite children 9-11 years old. The flying swallow was the emblem of the union. The movement of children's May unions for the protection and protection of birds stopped after the October Revolution, but the idea of \u200b\u200bbird protection was taken up by the organization of “young naturalists” (Yunnats) ”. At the beginning of the XX century in a number of Russian cities began to operate the international movement "Setlement" - settlements of cultural people among the poor. In Moscow it was organized in 1906 by the teacher Stanislav Teofilovich Shatsky. “In 1908 the society was closed by the police for the propaganda of socialism among children, and in 1909 it resumed its work under the name“ Child Labor and Rest ”. The society was engaged in the organization of additional education, children's clubs and workshops, a country summer labor colony "Vigorous Life".
But the first mass children's movement in Russia was the scout movement. One of the first scouts A.M. Vyazmitinov recalls that even before the official appearance of the children's movement in the Russian Empire, “teenagers in cities united in groups, went out of town to the most remote places, built huts, sang songs, discussed mysterious stories, looked for treasures, helped those in need. It was the striving of young people for a pure truthful life in the bosom of nature, striving for the noble. "
“In 1906, Colonel R. Baden-Paul, the founder of the scout movement in England, published the book“ Young Scout ”, which was translated into Russian. The society decided that such forms of education are acceptable for Russian youth as well ”. And on April 30, 1909, in Pavlovsk near Petersburg, captain O.I. Pantyukhov organized the first scout unit of 7 boys. This day is officially considered the date of the foundation of the first scout movement in the Russian Empire. “On the emblem of the detachment were written the words that became the motto of the entire movement:“ Faith in God, Loyalty to the Tsar, Help to the Neighbor ”and further -“ Be ready ”. In 1910 in Moscow G.A. Zakharchenko, who wrote the first textbook on Russian scouting "Young Scout", founded the "Moscow squad of young scouts". In 1911 in St. Petersburg Yanchevitsky organized the "Legion of Young Scouts". Scout squads began to appear in many cities of the Russian Empire: in Kiev and Anapa, Astrakhan and Arkhangelsk, Voronezh and Gomel, Evpatoria, Yerevan, Kerch, Kislovodsk, etc.
“Saint George the Victorious, depicted on the banner, was chosen as the patron saint of Russian scouts. Trips outside the city were called "reconnaissance"; in order not to waste a minute, even on the march there were "conversations" about the life of great people, about events from Russian history. " A scoutmaster (squad leader) could only be a person worthy of imitation. The day for the scout was not supposed to pass in idleness: he was to provide assistance to those in need. The detachments also organized holidays for children from poor families. “The scouts called themselves“ scouts ”, wore a khaki sports uniform, a Boer-type hat, and had a staff. Newcomers who joined the detachment, the younger in age, were called "wolf cubs". The form of leadership in the detachments was "orders". In 1915-16 the All-Russian Scout Congresses were held. They also went to summer agricultural work in a detachment of up to 200 people.
"After 1917, this movement began to be viewed as hostile to Soviet power, although the ideology of the pioneer movement absorbed a lot from scouting." “In August 1921, the scout squads of Moscow were defeated by the Komsomol. The scouts were beaten, their apartments and camps were smashed, they were arrested, and the scoutmasters were exiled. " “In 1922, scout organizations were banned in Soviet Russia. The most persistent of them held out until the spring of 1923, when in May the last scout rally took place near the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye near Moscow. The rally participants walked in uniform and with banners. The meeting was dispersed, and its organizers were arrested. In April 1926, the OGPU made mass arrests of the scouts and the scout movement was defeated. "
“In the fall of 1918, a children's organization of young communists (YKs) was created, but a year later it was disbanded. In November 1921, it was decided to create an All-Russian children's organization. " “The first groups of young pioneers appeared in Moscow. In May, the first pioneer bonfire was lit in Sokolniki. At the II All-Russian Conference of the RKSM (1922), the experience of the children's movement in Moscow was approved and it was proposed to extend it to the whole of Soviet Russia, taking into account the scouting system. This is how a pioneer organization arose, which until 1924 bore the name of Spartacus. " The first documents were created: Solemn Promise, Laws, Basic Elements, Program, Temporary Charter of the organization of children's groups "Young Pioneers named after Spartak". In the spring of 1923 in Moscow, and in the summer-autumn and in other regions of the country, groups of younger children began to appear with the pioneer detachments - the Octobrists. “In 1924 it was renamed into the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin. The first All-Union meeting of pioneers took place in 1929 in Moscow. The first detachments of the children's communist organization were located according to the principle (at enterprises, or at the place of residence of the pioneers). " “The pioneer organization borrowed a lot from the scouts - the organization by detachments, the institute of counselors, ceremonial, oath, gathering around the fire, elements of symbolism. In 1934, the transition of the pioneer organization to school began. The positions of senior counselors were introduced - leaders of pioneer squads. Since then, the pioneer system was built on the principle of "class - detachment", "school - pioneer squad".
In the 1930s, children's sports schools and stadiums were opened everywhere, children's highways appeared, clubs for young sailors with their fleets and shipping companies, technical, literary, musical, theatrical circles, political clubs, international friendship clubs, clubs for young naturalists (juniors), Timurovskoe movement, children's book houses, art galleries, film studios ”.
According to V.V. Gribanov and Teplova E.P. The "Timurov movement" in the development of the children's movement in the Soviet Union stands apart. “The movement acquired such a broad character that the Komsomol organizations had to think about how to make this movement organically merge into the work of the pioneer organization. During the war years, the pioneer organization was an active assistant to the state in the rear and at the front. So in 1942, the pioneers of Moscow handed over to the representatives of the Red Army the tank column "Moscow Pioneer" (18 tanks), built with the money earned by the pioneers of Moscow. The names of the pioneer heroes who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their exploits in the Great Patriotic War are known: Lenya Golikov, Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnova. " ...
“Within the walls of the school, the pioneer organization gradually lost its specificity and over time became part of the Soviet state-bureaucratic system, formalism appeared in its work. The basic principles of the children's community - voluntary joining the organization, amateur performance and active participation - were preserved by out-of-school groups of different ages, created in the homes of pioneers, pioneer camps, student production brigades, schools of pioneer activists. " But she, "nevertheless, remained for many schoolchildren a school of socialization, the ability to live and work in a team, gain management skills, a place for peers to communicate by interests, a place for the formation of romantic ideals." “After“ perestroika ”, the pioneers abandoned their political coloration and adopted a new motto:“ For the Motherland, goodness and justice ”. At the tenth All-Union rally of pioneers in the fall of 1990, the successor to the pioneer organization was the Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations (SPO-FDO), independent of political parties and movements. Over the entire existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, more than 210 million people have visited its ranks. "
“On the threshold of the 80s - 90s, the following trends developed:
· Development of variability in children's movement (communards, scouts). In November 1990, the founding congress of the Association for the Revival of Russian Scouting was held at the Institute of Youth. 65 delegates from different cities of Russia, as well as Ukraine and Moldova took part in it.
· Democratization and enrichment of the activities of the pioneer organization; creation of promising and meaningful new programs, forms and types of activities; holding on a democratic basis a meeting of the All-Union Pioneer Organization in Artek (September 1990), creating a program for renewing the pioneer organization;
· Creation of national children's organizations in the Baltics and Ukraine, which marked the beginning of the collapse of the unified All-Union Pioneer Organization;
· The beginning of the process of depoliticizing the pioneer organization, giving its activities a humanistic character, turning not to the interests of the party and the state as the main goal, but to the interests of the personalities of the members of the organization. "
“The legislation has changed radically: to replace the party decrees that regulate and regulate the activities of organizations, came state acts on the support of the children's movement in Russia. The abandonment of strict public-state control contributed to the active development of informal amateur structures. Since the 1990s, various children's associations have been created and legally supported in Russia. "
“In modern conditions in Russia the number of children's and youth public organizations and associations has increased several dozen times. In each region there are from 5 to 50 or more different social groups created for children or together with children. " But the involvement of youth and children in public associations is minimal. “By order of the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of Russia in 2009, a sociological study was conducted“ Children's social movement in Russia as a tool to influence the quality of future human capital ”. As a result, it turned out that 83% of students in grades 4-11 are not involved in any children's organizations. 7% of children are members of tourist associations, 5% are members of children's public organizations, and another 5% are members of informal movements. "
“The public movement at the present stage can be characterized as demonopolized, variable in the direction of activity (professional, creative, realization of interests, sports, environmental, military-patriotic, civil-patriotic, charitable, etc.), diverse in the forms and mechanisms of the programs being implemented and projects ". Meanwhile, the activities of about half of children's social groups are characterized as multidirectional. “The activities of most associations are aimed at solving specific problems of society, children and youth. Many of them implement programs for the creation of social youth services, labor exchanges, the development of children's and youth entrepreneurship, sports, the identification and support of young talents, national and cultural revival, summer recreation, solving housing problems, etc. " ... The associations “take upon themselves“ to protect the rights and interests of their members ”,“ to take care of creating conditions for supporting social initiatives ”,“ to ensure the development of the leadership and creative potential of the individual ”. Every tenth association considers the formation of national self-consciousness of its members to be the most important goal. "
Based on the foregoing, the development of children's associations in our country can be roughly divided into four stages:
“Stage 1 - the 10s of the XX century - the emergence of the children's movement as a specific social reality;
Stage 2 - 20s - early 30s of the twentieth century - the formation of the children's movement in the form of pioneering - a social and pedagogical reality, a new means of targeted social education;
Stage 3 - 30s - 80s - the development of the pioneer movement as a mass monopoly public children's organization - a specific educational system, a link in the communist education system of the younger generation;
Stage 4 - 90s of the XX century - self-development and self-determination of the domestic children's movement in a variety of forms, types, target and content orientation in the new socio-economic, historical conditions of Russian society as a subject of socialization of children and youth ”.
“Currently in Russia there are a large number of children's public associations of various types and forms. In terms of territorial coverage, one can distinguish all-Russian, interregional, regional and local associations. Children's organizations based on schools are widespread: student committees, unions, associations, "republics", etc. " ...
Achievements, problems and controversies
Everyone present can also calculate their experience as a public figure and organizer in this movement, conduct an analysis and draw generalized conclusions, where to go next. Unfortunately, recommendations and predictions are often made by people who have not made a sufficiently convincing contribution, and those who work do not have time to stop - to look back and outline a strategy, which is why there are so many inconsistencies and problems. Therefore, today the most important thing is that every participant in the Russian movement of schoolchildren should feel their involvement in a significant historical event - the moment of creation for the future! After all, later, after the lapse of time, you will have to weigh your own contribution, the burden of responsibility and the consequences of your participation - this is inevitable, therefore each of us today should feel this responsibility in the context of real events in public life.
(Slide 2) But you know, today some leaders of children's communities complain about their own administration, who appointed them to this role or higher authorities, that they were overloaded and that too many tasks are given. They do not at all feel that they are the builders of such a wonderful new social phenomenon, which they can enter voluntarily, by their own choice, and not themselves responsibility, and then turn it into hard labor for themselves and for their children. Others, especially experienced ones, with increased responsibility carry formalism into a new organization, scrupulous accounting of the number of events, etc. Still others accept the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new organization only because systemic rather than episodic resource support for the life of a children's association is expected here, while, they simply preserve the previous achievements of ECE, not reacting to the new realities of membership in the Russian movement.
It seems that all these adults do not think enough about the consequences of their actions, have lost their sense of perspective and think about the future without the pathos that many pioneer counselors had, and those exes today recall their past with a romantic emotional lift, because together with ours as pupils, we lived for the future. And the fact that there were difficulties and a lot of obstacles in the way of realizing our dreams, so it only strengthened our confidence in ourselves and in our business. Today our very adult pupils confirm or deny the correctness of our previous decisions. Much depends on our attitude, understanding of the meaning and actions at each specific moment in their fate.
At the moment of the inception of movement, it is very important to consciously and restrainedly treat every detail, but at first we perceived very aggressively the combination in one name of the concepts of “movement” and “organization”. Because we see a contradiction here, even in a normative and legal sense. Now I see that the resolution of this contradiction gives us additional opportunities. So the concept of "movement" emphasizes the free nature of his life and activity as a social organism, and the concept of "organization" helps to emphasize the priority of the pedagogical significance of membership of both children and adults in a stable normalized environment. And the resolution of this contradiction can only enrich the meaning of what is happening, it is only necessary to develop and master the tools of socially and pedagogically expedient management of the life of the participants. Below I will try to clarify my position.
(Slide 3) Today it is very important to analyze past experience, but not to fall into either euphoria of memories or harsh criticism, but to conduct a scrupulous analysis of the achievements, problems and contradictions in the history of the development of the children's social movement. Wherein achievement, as time has shown, it looks like not the number of events held in a given period. When recollecting, vividly lived life-changing events of civil significance, productive really socially useful regional affairs come to the fore, and collective victories and personal achievements of individual children are immediately celebrated with great pleasure. I could cite many examples from questionnaires and positive memories of the experience of public associations of city and district headquarters of pioneer activists of the 70s, pedagogical teams of senior schoolchildren and students, in particular "Flagman" of the 80s and from the experience of the center for children's youth and parenting the initiatives of the "Commonwealth" of the 90s, led by me and the modern center of the regional movement with the same name, as well as the opinions of recent and now growing scouts. In these memories, we need to clearly see the meaning for all these people and for society of certain events, their achievements in the manifestation of civic, social or personal activity. To answer for yourself the question of how in our region a different scale of activity generates a variety of social initiatives of children and adults, how it reveals the possibilities of personal growth of participants in the movement.
(Slide 4) When analyzing experience, as we have seen, it is necessary to distinguish between the importance of social initiatives for self-realization, for the growth of a leadership role and for the manifestation of the ability of participants in the movement to create something new. Support for social initiatives is our main toolkit in the development of the social life of the children's movement. We also need to see the pointlessness, the unproductiveness of some of the effort spent. We, both experienced leaders and young, beginners, need to fully understand our mission as public figures who already today influence the future of our country. It is no coincidence that the goals of the Russian Federation indicate the achievement of the unity of Russian society. And I witnessed in 1990 how in Kiev the leaders of children's associations in a terribly aggressive form split the children's movement into an all-Union pioneer and nationalist military-patriotic. We are seeing the consequences today. It is necessary to honestly analyze the reasons for today's protest activity of our senior schoolchildren, against this background, outline ways to consolidate in positively creative activity, and in taking care of improving the surrounding life, but starting with oneself, with an accessible close environment, and not in an illusory idealistic design, which almost never led to concrete implementation of projects, to obtaining a real product. It is not often that we can boast that we have supported the social initiatives of young citizens, so that their pride in the implemented plan shines, and not the pride that sounded yesterday in the slogans of the young demonstrators “We are the power”. It is we who need not to condemn them, but to help, to create conditions to learn to make decisions in a democratic way, take responsibility and perform lawful actions, socially responsible behavior. It is necessary to teach the leaders of the children's social movement to become the leaders of precisely creative democratic self-government, precisely in concern for the improvement, and not destruction of the surrounding life and their own destiny.
(Slide 5) Speaking about achievements, it is imperative to record the pedagogical significance of social activity. Here the priority role belongs to the organization, since in this form of social life there is more certainty and responsibility is fixed by the person entering the organization. Whether it is necessary to write a statement, what to write, how to formalize the rights and responsibilities of members of the organization, we still have to decide after yesterday's competition. It is also necessary to bring decisions on the steps of personal growth of a member of the organization.
(Slide 6) But there is a general scientific picture of the growth of an actor, a participant in any activity: this is the level of the performing, reproductive, that is, imitative and creative.
(Slide 7) In modern pedagogy and documents of state policy, guidelines are presented in the upbringing, socialization, and inculturation of the individual. This makes it possible to clarify the tasks of programs for the development of children's associations and training programs for counselors. On this basis, we are now developing indicators for the development of a culture of social initiative, we determine the competence of the team leader and the competence of the team leader (you must agree different forms of organization), we are clarifying the pedagogical tools and levels of self-government development in the children's association and in the regional department.
(Slide 8) We constantly have to maneuver in the borderline pedagogical position between humanism and democracy in the management of the children's movement, on the one hand, so that individuals grow in all their colors, and on the other hand, so that the community works like a well-oiled mechanism. At the same time, it should be noted that the entire variety of possible self-government bodies, individual and collective assignments, as a tool for the development of a democratic culture, are not used systematically in the activities of the Russian Federation. Trainings, master classes, methods of psychological and pedagogical influence are used, but in everyday life and in the communication of members of the children's association, adults and children, relations are not always built on the unity of respect and exactingness towards the individual, on an individual approach, that is, humanism. The arsenal of methods of competent psychological and pedagogical influence has not been sufficiently developed. And in the forms of organization, nevertheless, contests and the method of assignments are most often used, that is, activities according to a given algorithm, but if KTD, quests or other innovative names are used, then they are somehow very similar to "games by stations", and flash mobs, for example, on events of a demonstrative nature, which has little effect on the development of personal initiative and independence of children. Formalism is omnipotent, it easily works on the substitution of truly developing forms of life for convenient forms of events (forgive me, I call them "mure events", because the measures that are taken give rise to the opposite pedagogical effect of those goals that are indicated in the programs. is a question of readiness, and therefore of increasing professionalism, it is good when counselors intuitively, due to their young enthusiasm or experience, achieve good pedagogical results, but then their psychological burnout occurs quickly, only pedagogically expedient leadership ensures the longevity of the child's community and significant results in personal the growth of each participant in the movement.
(Slide 9) Any development will not be productive if you do not take into account the lessons of the history of children's movement. In the classes of counselors, knowledge about the events of those times is not so much important as the study of their causes and effects. Historical analysis allows us to understand what has become the origins of this or that direction of movement, which was source of development, and what contributed to the ignition or extinction of the life-giving fire social initiatives... By transferring the conclusions of the historical and pedagogical analysis to the modern history of each of their own public associations, counselors can identify unused reserves and possible risks on the way of developing social initiatives. Let me give you a brief overview of the results of this year's analysis in our two experimental groups of counselors.
In connection with the military threat to Russia, the tsarist government undertook try military - patriotic training the younger generation to defend the Fatherland through the creation at the beginning of the twentieth century "amusing" teams in memory of the "amusing troops" of Peter the Great. They were created at schools and at military regiments, batteries, ships.
Since most of the population lived in rural areas, the creation of such formations by imperial decree took place mainly among peasant children, Cossacks, but they arose independently and in cities. An officer or a non-commissioned officer was necessarily put at the head of each team; during the war, teachers took their place.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the St. Petersburg land, following the example of Baden - Paula (who, we note, created his group and organization on the basis of the romance of the free life of the Indians), but the battle captain Oleg Ivanovich Pantyukhovcreated a paramilitary group of teenagers from the families of the bourgeoisie and urban intelligentsia, which grew into organization of scout scouts under the motto « For God, Tsar, and Fatherland!»
Later, following Seton - Thompson, the ideologist of the democratic wing of the scout movement Innokenty Nikolaevich Zhukovasserted that “the scout is not a military intelligence officer, but ... culture pioneer– scout of all the best - little friend of the whole world". - so he later became one of the founders of the pioneer organization. (I must say that the word "pioneer" has a very interesting etymology)
Conclusion: what these currents have in common is the opportunity for any member of the organization to commit small good deeds and feasible participation in socially significant actions... This vigorous activity has certainly contributed to personal growthscout, assimilation of various social roles and accumulation experience of social life.
After all, it is obvious that it is possible to draw the necessary conclusions and make useful lessons for today in determining the steps of growth.
(Slide 10) 20s - detachments of YUKOV and pioneers are created as a means of approval dictatorship of proletarian ideasand the children's movement initiated activity of children from poor strata of the population, who previously looked at the scouts with envy.
Since the leaders were "people from the machine", the development of the pioneer movement was built on socially significant events and matters of national importance a movement for the elimination of illiteracy, an increase in labor productivity in factories and factories, and the international unity of the proletarians. And of course, field camps and hikes, the romance of evening bonfires with baked potatoes.
When it became obvious that there were a lot of excesses in the politicization of children, it was decided to transfer the detachments to the school base and the movement of scattered detachments was transformed into a pioneer organization under the leadership of the Komsomol. Indeed, it was easier to manage not only the children's movement, but also to influence the ideology of the old-regime teachers. Although this gave rise to a lot of controversy.
In the 50s in Leningrad, the beginning of the All-Union movement was laid Red trackers engaged in serious research into the history of revolutionary and military events, which strengthened link between generations.
60s spread active schools and campsa, pioneer and Komsomol headquarters as a means enhancing the leadership qualities of the younger generation.
In the 70s and 80s, All-Union movement "Pioneerstroy"which was based on effective state support for socially useful labor initiativespioneers. (Flower of Life, Children's Town in Primorsky Park, Pionerstroy street, Pionerskaya metro station)
Don't forget about All-Union military - sports game "Zarnitsa"- the defense of the Fatherland is in demand at all times.
All these phenomena of social life originated as pedagogically expedient social initiative of children and adults,as a manifestation of a culture of common concern for children and adultsabout the life of their city and its inhabitants, special traditions and forms of life of the Leningrad Pioneer Organization took shape. March 24 - the 60th anniversary of the Leningrad pioneer headquarters turned 60 and generations of staff officers celebrated it, and some are already in their eighties. They are still ready to show how important it was for them to participate in actions of civil sound, in collective life and just be friends, love and consciously build their lives.
But over time, socially useful activity became overorganized and overgrown with formalism, like a shellfish, the initiative perished like a ship that lost its freedom of movement. Because the All-Union marches arose as support for the initiatives of individual regions, and at first they well stimulated those who could not generate something like this, but were simply ready to take part in good deeds, then there were more marches, and zealous bureaucrats from the Komsomol began to demand the number of participants in each route, I do not continue, but I want to warn all of us against these mistakes.
(Slide 12) Not for the destruction of the organization, but for the development of the initiative of pioneers and counselors in the 60s and 70s in St. Petersburg, overcoming many obstacles, an experiment of union significance was conducted under the leadership of the Leningrad scientist Igor Petrovich Ivanov, based on the developments of the counselor Union of enthusiasts, when the head teacher organized a house of pioneers Faina Yakovlevna Shapiro and counselor Lyudmila Glebovna Borisova - an organization of pioneer activists was born "Frunzenskaya commune"and through the All-Russian camp "Orlyonok" through the club of young communards in the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" her experience was disseminated throughout the Soviet Union, which in history was called as Communards movement... (A lot of material about this has appeared on the Internet and a new article by Boris Kupriyanov, a professor at the Higher School of Economics, is being discussed)
How briefly can I comment on this. The initiative of the young was born, on the one hand as a means of developing the ideas of the older generation, and on the other hand, as means overcoming formalism , an alternative to frozen life forms. This movement was the bearer ideas consonant with the official course and cultural values, but did not fit into the norms party-authoritarianleadership of the children's and youth movement.
The creative community of generations, the collective organization of life, the common concern of the elders and the younger about improving the life around them, collective creative deeds, holidays and games have become a means of affirmation humanism and democracy in educational relations.
But the state and party structures were unable to hear the call of the future to transform life. And if reasonable support was provided in a timely manner, it is possible that we would still live in a completely different Russia today.
(Slide 13) In 1991, instead of a single organization, many different public associations arose that created adults for the development of social activities of children in new conditions, who established social ties among themselves and had some state support.
In 2015, the St. Petersburg City Register of Public Associations included 35 registered children's public associations:
As an example still valid:
St. Petersburg cultural and patriotic youth social movement "Young for the Revival of St. Petersburg";
Interregional Children's Public Organization of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region "Yu - Peter";
Regional public organization "Squad of scouts-scouts" St. Petersburg ";
Regional children's public organization "Association of Young Leaders of St. Petersburg";
Regional children's and youth civil-patriotic social movement "Union of Young Petersburgers".
Slide 14) Our city has accumulated a wealth of experience in creating culturally acceptable forms of social life for young people, in which children and youth have the opportunity to show personal and social initiative, civic concern for their city and its inhabitants.
The birth of children's social initiatives - this is an inevitable and inexhaustible process, for the young generation always brings renewal within itself. At all times the social movement was a means of implementing the initiative of active youngmembers of society and at the same time always had to overcome the desire of adults to transfer knowledge about their experience and the inability to create conditions to support the initiative of children.
Historical analysis shows social movement of children and youth is a living active social organism, changeable, evolving or fading, but never standing still. Against the background of knowledge on the history of the movement, we consider with the counselors the origins of the emergence of a specific cell of the children's movement, real resources for development, possible directions of the movement's life and the development of children's social initiatives, self-government.
(Slide 15) Since the 70s, every decade I have been monitoring to study the public activity of participants in the children's and youth social movement, the last cut was made to the 100th anniversary of the children's movement, which was celebrated as an international event in St. Petersburg, the results of the study were presented to the Committee on Youth policy on their declared topic "The state and development trends of the children's social movement in St. Petersburg as a transition to a new quality of activities of children's public associations and the formation of an environment for their effective functioning", but something did not suit them and we did not find any changes. Then the material was discussed at a Russian conference and was published in a collection at the Council of the Russian Federation. I will allow myself to draw only conclusions.
So, if we compare the materials of the survey of pioneer activists of the 70s and 90s, then we can identify the priorities of value orientations. They reflect two different eras in the life of society, children's public associations and in the life of one generation of teachers - leaders of children's associations.
In the seventies, the most urgent need for activists was to prove themselves in socially significant matters, to find their place in life and a certain status in society. The main problem is the impossibility of establishing mutual understanding with the inner circle: classmates, parents, teachers. (Survey of more than 150 members of the city and district pioneer headquarters of Leningrad)
In the 90s (the first half of the decade), the priority for adolescents, members of children's associations, was the need to acquire a certain personal status, to gain access to the values \u200b\u200band benefits of life, the main problem is the inability to express themselves in the community of children and adults. (Polls of 183 members of children's public associations, participants in the shift of the Center for Children's and Family Social Initiatives "Sodruzhestvo" in the Country Center "Zerkalny") At that time, members of children's associations represented the composition of children that would have been in pioneer headquarters before. And the rest of the children during this period simply did not participate in public life.
The fact that there are differences in the personal and public interests of adolescents from different generations is neither good nor bad. It's just that each time and conditions of life correspond to certain priorities in value orientations. Studies show that the set of values \u200b\u200bof the human community is the same at all times, but people choose from it what is more suitable for their life at a given time and place.
It is necessary to pay attention to the problems as tasks that cannot be solved because of the insurmountable obstacles that have arisen. Obstacles can either be bypassed or destroyed: the main problem of pioneer activists is difficulties in interpersonal relationships, we destroyed this obstacle, that is, we solved it by regulating employment in public life, in school, in household chores, and fostering a communicative culture for little bosses. For the activists of the perestroika period, the difficulty is the inability of a growing person to present himself in the human community because adults do not recognize their importance in arranging a new life. This turned out to be an almost insurmountable obstacle. Only individual leaders managed to get around it if parents responded to their requests in institutions of additional education. But most often they demanded rent for premises, licensing both in educational activities, and many of them were not able to do this.
(Slide 16) The study also revealed similarities and differences in the positions of the leaders of children's associations of different decades. They also reflect two different eras, not only in the life of society, but also in the life history of one generation of teachers - leaders of children's associations.
As polls show, for the teachers of the 70s, the main task and problem was to prevent formalism in collective life and in upbringing, to create conditions for the development of a caring attitude of adolescents to the people around them, to support interest in socially useful activities in life. (A survey of the heads of city and district pioneer headquarters from 147 territories of the Soviet Union - participants of seminars: All-Russian in "Orlyonok" and All-Union in Artek)
For the leaders of the 90s, the main task is to find an opportunity and create conditions for the children to show initiative, and the main problem is to awaken in adult society an interest in the active life of adolescents. (Questionnaire of 58 participants in the gathering of heads of children's associations in the St. Petersburg Center "Commonwealth").
Thus, we find common features in the pedagogical position of the leaders of pioneer and children's public associations. In both cases, the needs of adolescents and the pedagogical tasks of leaders clearly coincided. Against the background of an oral survey and expert assessment of teachers of schools and centers of additional education, it can be stated that the pedagogical position of the leaders of children's associations is always closer in interests to children than the positions of class teachers and even leaders of circles in additional education.
(Slide 17) In 2009, in the period preceding the establishment of the RWS, the participants and leaders of the preschool educational institution demonstrated complete inconsistency meanings of participation and priorities in activities DOO:
Output: Forecasting and planning the life of Children's Associations took place in parallel spaces: separately in the children's community, and separately in the adult stratum. At the same time, the comprehension of the significance and meanings of ECE life is not sufficiently organized. The same contradiction exists today, it is necessary to increase attention to improving the forms of interaction between children and adults, methods of joint analysis and planning of the life of preschool educational institutions.
Analysis of the answers showed that there is a need for self-expression of adolescents in socially significant activities, they note that the social significance of their activities is not sufficiently represented in the life of the city and schools, although even small things bring them great satisfaction.
Representing in the answers the personal qualities that develop in the activities of the preschool educational institution, the children named, simply: "some leadership qualities", "many qualities", presenting a not quite clear idea. There were about a quarter of such answers, together with the answer “I don’t know”. Then there was the most extensive list of the business qualities of a person responsible for the result and for other people, as well as a list of qualities manifested in relation to a person, as such, but without correlation with any activity.
(Slide 18) Both children and adults
Show interest, but did not see the opportunity to participate in socially useful activities
They almost completely did not present the idea that the activities of the preschool educational institution contribute to the development of a person's social status, the growth of his personal status.
Output: society has deprived this generation of people, readiness for socially useful activities, for social initiative, experience in establishing personal and social status in social activities,
AND now attention: children then were 8-15 years old, today they are 15-23 years old - as well as those who may have realized their thirst for self-realization and social activity at recent demonstrations across the country.
The actions of many lookednot as a direct protest, especially a political one, but rather, as participation in a network game,transition to some other for them, a new social plane to create headquarters, to organize a flash mob,which even seemed like a joke. But we know that online gaming is becoming more dangerous and addictive.
(Slide 19) We have now embarked on a new stage of the pilot study in order to work out an adequate methodology. But we have some conclusions for orientation.
the main task will take place in ensuring that the upbringing, social and cultural development of participants in the children's movement is harmonious,
And for this, as many years of experience show, it is necessary:
So that the primary cell of the movement is still a children's public association.
So that the life activity and initiative of children's public associations is aimed at:
To create culturally acceptable forms social life of children and youth,
For education culture of initiative participants in the movement.
(Slide 20) At the same time, signs of the culture of social initiative of a children's association can be
Sections: Social pedagogy
We are all made to interact.
M. Aurelius.
Introduction.
The successful solution of the problem of creating a democratic state in Russia is inextricably linked with the formation and development of civil democratic consciousness among the younger generation. Such consciousness presupposes a person's need to live in the social space of constitutional rights and freedoms, to show his individuality and uniqueness.
Today adolescents and young people have a real opportunity to practically master the actions leading to the mastery of constructive social relations of people through participation in the activities of children's social groups.
The subject of pedagogical activity is the joint determination of his interests and goals with the adolescent. Opportunities for self-determination, self-knowledge, self-organization. Development of democratic principles as the basis for the life of the individual.
The definition of a public association is clearly formulated in Article 5 of the Federal Law “On Public Associations”. This is a voluntary non-profit formation, created on the initiative of citizens, united on the basis of a community of interests for the realization of the common goals specified in the charter of the association. In accordance with the directions of activity of public organizations and associations, their various groups are distinguished: public sports organizations engaged in military - patriotic education and the development of historical traditions, social organizations.
The activities of public formations are regulated by regulatory documents: at the state level - the Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Laws of the Russian Federation "On Public Associations" "On Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation" On Public Associations "," On Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the RF ”,“ On state support of youth and children's public associations ”,“ On education ”; at the municipal level - by normative acts that allow, on the basis of the above documents, to interact with public associations (these include agreements on joint activities, resolutions, programs of activities and development, charters of public organizations, etc.).
Socially oriented associations as a factor of personal success
In modern society, oriented activities of people are becoming more and more popular. Therefore, it is necessary already in school years to involve a growing person in the accumulation of experience in socially oriented activities. Such activities are carried out in an organized manner in socially oriented associations of schoolchildren.
In institutions of additional education, various associations of pupils are created, which not only expand the scope of activities of their members, but also provide an opportunity to master the experience of interpersonal interaction and cooperation.
The socially oriented associations of children include various organizations, societies, clubs, unions, teams, detachments and other formations. The tasks solved by such a socially oriented association are diverse:
inclusion of children in social practice in order to provide conditions for their acquisition of the experience of subjective self-realization, successful adaptation to the social environment; satisfaction and development of various, including socially oriented, needs and interests of pupils; protection of the rights, dignity, interests of pupils, including from the negative impact of the social environment surrounding these children.
Children's associations are a socio-pedagogical phenomenon that has its own specifics of functioning and pedagogical guidance. In particular, the norms fixed in the charter of the association are self-binding, as a rule, are closely related to the norms of morality. That is why it is legitimate to consider a children's public association as an elementary school of democracy.
Community-oriented associations of children and adolescents that currently exist in our country - organized at the initiative of children and adults, emerging purposefully or spontaneously, are designed not only to satisfy the need of people to transfer and assimilate the experience of positive social interaction, but also to provide conditions for successful personal self-realization , inclusion in the process of socially oriented activity, which determines, no matter how loud it sounds, the existence and progressive development of our civilization.
The life activity of the association of pupils is largely determined by the principles, i.e. guidelines governing the activities and relationships of members of the association. The success of the activities of a socially-oriented association of children is determined by the ability to solve the assigned tasks. By virtue of this, the association should develop, relying in its life on the following principles:
- socialization principle, which determines the continuity and openness of the development of social experience by pupils, the inclusion of association in broad social ties and its place in the social environment in general and the school environment in particular;
- principle of humanization, providing unification and personal existence in it;
- principle of democratizationguaranteeing the pupil the exercise of his rights and providing for his responsibility in the activities of the association, as well as guaranteeing the implementation of the rights and obligations of the association in society;
- principle of individualization, recognizing the account and development of the individual personality and the originality of the association;
- principle of cooperationdetermining the subject interaction both inside and outside the association, as well as guaranteeing the implementation of the rights and obligations of the association in society;
- harmonization principledetermining the consistency of interests of the individual and society;
- integration principle, which conditions the unification of efforts of all members of the organization in order to ensure its successful activity.
The life activity of a socially oriented association of children, built on the above principles, involves the implementation of sequential interrelated procedures: strategic goal-setting, programming, diagnostics, construction of activity, information, communicative, emotional and personal space, analysis, synthesis, decision-making, focused on further movement towards the goal of association as a condition for its progressive development.
Depending on the focus and content of the activity, the following associations are distinguished:
- expanding the general horizons of pupils based on their interests and needs (clubs: cheerful and resourceful, intellectual, volunteer, etc.). In them, children acquire and accumulate new knowledge and skills, expand their intellectual, emotional and communicative capabilities, exchange information of interest to them, acquired skills, master the practice of personal self-realization. Such associations have a relative social orientation, since for the most part they limit their activities to the framework of the institution in which they are located.
- assuming the pupil various types of socially oriented activities as a form of social practice (patriotic, sports, local history, environmental, peacekeeping, counselor associations, self-government bodies, etc.);
- aimed at creating special value-oriented organizations, unions, communities.
Children's associations to a large extent perform the functions of institutions and structures of additional education. Among these functions, one can distinguish activity - activating, motivational-need, prognostic. In children's associations, pupils are involved in a variety of activities based on their interests and needs, which undoubtedly expands the boundaries of the implementation of their personal capabilities in the system of social relations. In associations, pupils satisfy their need for informal communication, in active self-realization they master the ability to predict their future, to realize their social purpose. Associations protect the rights and freedoms of the individual from the negative influences of the social environment, expand social rights (in comparison with those that a student has at school and in the family).
A socially oriented association of pupils has its own specifics. First, the association attracts everyone, regardless of how a person studies at school, how teachers treat him, whether he has deviations in behavior. This specificity of the association is defined as its humanistic orientation, manifested in the freedom of subjective self-realization of all members. Secondly, the association of pupils realizes its social orientation, thereby helping each member of the association to develop their "social feelings" characterizing a person as a mature social subject. Finally, socially oriented unification of children is successful if a community of like-minded people is formed. It is well known that adolescents and young men attach great importance to the collective of peers, its attitudes, opinions, and assessments. That is why joint activities are so important in unification. If an association of pupils is socially oriented, then it acts as a community united by a strategic socially significant goal of life, with its own distribution of powers within the association, relationships of responsibility, dependence, interaction.
The guiding principles in the activities of associations of children and adolescents are the principles of the structure and functioning of children's public associations, understanding the practice of the children's movement as a whole. A significant place here is occupied by:
- independence as a personal orientation;
- self-realization as the meaning of a person's involvement in the union;
- self-organization as a mechanism that forms a public association of children and adolescents;
- amateur performance as a way of existence of the association and the subjective self-realization of its members;
- self-government as a means of ensuring the functioning of the association;
- social reality as a meaningful source of organized children's amateur performance and the sphere of implementation of children's activity;
- participation and support from adults as their responsibility for the pedagogical consequences of organized children's amateur activities;
- the increasing involvement of children in social relations as a way of their personal development in the children's association.
The success of a socially oriented association is largely determined by the observance of the laws of subjective self-realization. Such laws have a general orientation: self-realization for the benefit of oneself and other people.
Law of truth: remember, the truth is needed not only for you, but also for the people around you. Be truthful.
The law of good: be kind to your neighbor, and goodness will return to you.
The law of care: before demanding attention to yourself, show it to the people around you. Remember their interests, needs, needs.
The law of love: love is one of the oldest and most respected feelings, do not be shy about it.
Law of mercy: you feel good today, but there may be people nearby who have tears in their eyes. Don't forget about them.
Memory law: the people who have forgotten their history will die. Remember your people. Save this memory, pass it on to others.
Respect law: if you want to be respected, respect the very human dignity of others.
Old age law: remember that old age is respected by all peoples, it is the law of nature. Be civilized, respect, understand and accept old age.
Freedom law: everyone wants to be free. Defending your freedom, do not forget about the freedom of another person.
The law of courage: let him chicken out yesterday, remember that we are always with you. Be bold henceforth.
The law of honor: remember your physical strength. But more often remember about your spiritual strength, duty, nobility, dignity.
Honor is the highest power.
Socially oriented associations are usually created for a specific activity and give the children an opportunity to self-actualize in them. How to achieve success in the activities of such an association, how to multiply your achievements, how to improve yourself, develop, helping others to do this? There are many ways, techniques, individual options for achieving personal success in activities, the successful organization of the life of a socially oriented association.
Let us consider the conditions for the personal success of pupils in the activities of a socially oriented association.
First condition - ACT!
We are on the right track!
We are on the right track !!
We are on the right track !!!
We are standing, but we must GO !!!
A.M. Moiseev
Second condition - EXPLORE, RECOGNIZE, UNDERSTAND
The only thing you are really afraid of is what you don’t understand.
Phenomena, events, people.
I.S. Turgenev
Third condition - ACQUIRE AND GAIN your experience!
You can't eat an apple for another.
Folk wisdom
Fourth condition - SHARE your experience with others!
Truly generous is he who gives from that
What belongs to him.
Seneca the Younger
Fifth condition - IMPROVE!
Believe in yourself against the universe ...
R. Kipling
Sixth condition - DO NOT STOP!
We see ourselves entering the times to come ...
Yu.A. Yakovlev
Seventh condition - UNITE with like-minded people!
Brings up everything: people, things, phenomena,
but above all and longest of all people.
A. S. Makarenko
Social practice of pupils of MOU DOD teenage club "Rovesnik"
In the MOU DOD, the teenage club "Covesnik" is attended by 210 children aged from 6 to 35 years. More than 25 events are held annually, reaching about 500 children and adults. Educational and educational programs of varying degrees of complexity are being developed, focused on the individual capabilities and abilities of the child. The work of the teenage club "Peer" is aimed not only at the cultural and leisure nature, but also at determining assistance in the integration of the child in society, assistance in his development, upbringing, additional education, professional development - assistance in the socialization of the child, therefore the teaching staff of the club "Peer" sets himself the task of educating a creative, competitive, intelligent personality, ready for continuous self-development, easily adapting to new social relations.
The favorite pastime of most adolescents is aimless walks, visiting discos, gathering in entrances. Therefore, today the organization of leisure time for teenagers is more relevant than ever. For this purpose, the "Peer" club has developed a comprehensive program of social and pedagogical assistance "OVEREG" for adolescents, which includes three blocks: work with adolescents, parents, teachers.
The activity of an institution of additional education increases the space in which adolescents can develop their activity, demonstrates those qualities that often remain unclaimed by basic education. Integration of basic and additional education can have a positive effect on the prevention of crime and delinquency.
In connection with the social needs of our modern society, a volunteer group was organized from active and willing pupils of the "Peer" club, whose activities are aimed at implementing the "Amulet" program. The content of the program is: organizational and practical (conducting socially oriented actions), sports and entertainment games, informational (creating an informational photo stand "We Can Do It".
For two years our teenage club "Rovesnik" has been cooperating with USOSH # 2. p. Urengoy. Participation of teachers and volunteers of the club in the legal tournament "Every Right Has the Right", held as part of the regional preventive action "Legal Propaganda", 14.04.2009, the political game "Political Palette", organized by the teachers of the teenage club "Rovesnik", October 2008, on the basis of the club took place the action "Think now" dedicated to the World AIDS Day, village level, December 1, 2008. And also volunteers Julia Bobrysheva, Tatiana Polscha under the leadership of E.M. Protsenko were the participants of the district training seminar "Volunteer movement - an effective way in the youth environment" in Noyabrsk, September 2008. Picture 1; 2; 3; 4; 5.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Political game "Political palette", October 2008
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11;
A trip to the district seminar of pupils of the volunteer association in the city of Noyabrsk under the leadership of E.M. Protsenko.
Figure 12
Expected and real social practice shows that adolescents are maximally focused on successful social self-realization. This orientation is carried out in the course of the productive interaction of the processes of expected and real practice of children, professional constant pedagogical support, which determines the essence of the pedagogical process as a cultural, socially oriented activity.
A children's and youth public association is a youth public formation for joint activities or a single social goal. Over time, the appearance of the children's movement in Russia takes on cardinal changes, for example, in comparison with the all-Union period, when the public observed the famous pioneer organization. The modern way dictates other priorities and views that young people aspire to.
This article will consider the modern signs of children's and youth public formations, features and directions, variations of state aid to associations.
The concept and task of unification
A children's public association is a voluntary social movement formed by a group of adults and minors for joint activities and a common goal.
Historical data mentions student organizations that arose at the beginning of the 20th century. On hearing were "May Unions", engaged in the protection of animals and birds, "Artels of toilers", which organized friendly summer grounds, and many others. Even in the days of the USSR, such children's associations actively existed, but after the collapse of the union, they lost their importance in society. However, now public youth organizations are quite successful in their activities and have many directions.
Their main goal is self-development, pursuing their interests, creating public projects. Tasks are determined depending on the goals, but, in general, the organization of such a partnership helps to realize creative and organizational abilities, to develop qualities aimed at improving the environment and helping people.
- Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a special youth movement called "Amusing Troops" was created for war games. For this, in 1682, a territory was laid out right next to the Kremlin Palace, where war games were regularly held. Soon they grew into real military training, and in 1961 the "Amusing Troops" were divided into two organizations: the Preobrazhensky regiment and the Semenovsky regiment.
- Tsar Nicholas II suggested that schools use a new method of education, described in the book Scouting for boys. This idea greatly inspired the first captain of the Life Guards Rifle Regiment, which led him to the idea of \u200b\u200bforming the first detachment of Russian scouts in Russia. The first such detachment was created on April 30, 1909, was called "Beaver" and consisted of only 7 boys.
- During the war, the Moscow Pioneer Organization actively participated in hostilities. She was engaged in the construction of the tank column "Moscow Pioneer", which, by production, was transferred to the disposal of the Red Army. Later, the pioneers received the title of heroes of the Soviet Union for their feat.
- The youth association "Walking Together", which is close to our days, was founded in 2000 and existed until 2007 under the leadership of a public and statesman, as well as the ideologist of youth movements, VG Yakemenko. The organization "Walking Together" was created for the purpose of carrying out mass actions, mainly of a state nature. The archives of history record a strange case when in August 2004 this organization carried out an action against Philip Kirkorov, demanding to condemn the famous singer for his unworthy behavior.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees state support for children's and youth public associations. Some provisions on this issue are spelled out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Support for children's public associations is carried out on the basis of Federal Law of August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ in accordance with the following principles:
- Legality.
- Tolerance.
- Civic engagement.
- Recognition of independence and equality of rights for state support.
- Priority of common humanistic and patriotic values.
The law does not apply to professional youth and children's commercial student unions; associations created by political parties.
State support for children's public associations is carried out under the following provisions:
- The association has the status of a legal entity and has existed for at least a year (from the moment of official registration).
- The association that claims funding for a program has at least 3,000 young citizens.
State rights of associations
The organization of the activities of a children's public association has the right:
- submit reports to the Government of the Russian Federation explaining the situation of children and youth;
- make your proposals on the implementation of youth policy;
- to make proposals for the amendment of laws concerning the interests of children and youth;
- to take an active part in discussions and preparation of federal projects of state youth policy.
Types of government support
The main types of support for the activities of the children's public association:
- Providing benefits.
- Information Support.
- Conclusion of contracts for the execution of state orders.
- Training of personnel for youth and children's public associations.
- Financing tenders.
Financing
Funding for programs of children's public associations and organizations is made from the federal budget and funds of the Russian Federation. Material support is carried out on a legislative basis and is provided for by various social programs. The law provides for the allocation of funds in the form of subsidies.
Organizations such as student trade unions, religious organizations and similar associations, the support of which are not provided for by law, are not subsidized.
Union types
Children's public associations may differ in:
- focus;
- formation;
- goals;
- implementation time;
- degree of interests;
- the composition of the participants;
- public status.
Associations aimed at the development and needs of children can be realized in schools and groups. Initially, the organizations had only an educational character, but over time, creative collective associations began to form, also aimed at constructive actions and benefit to the outside world.
Directions of associations
The free regime of our time allows the creation of a wide variety of children's public associations. At the moment, it is difficult to list them, since new self-expression carrying an individual idea are formed every day. Of these, the most common categories of associations can be distinguished.
- ecological;
- sports;
- tourist;
- creative;
- scouting;
- research;
- professional;
- cultural studies;
- social information, etc.
According to formal criteria:
- officially registered;
- unregistered, but founded under the influence of official structures (for example, schools);
- Informal.
According to ideological principles:
- political;
- religious;
- national;
- secular.
Classifications of associations
Organizations of collective unification of children and youth, existing at the moment, are considered a huge number. They have different names, program structure, public goals, and play different social roles. The most famous of them:
- Union Can be international, interregional, regional, regional, regional, city, district. Such organizations act within the framework of their own interests and unite into social groups of children and adults in different orientations: sports, music, education, etc.
- Federated. They act within the framework of various international and all-Russian public associations with pre-agreed goals and an existing representative body to represent interests at the state level.
- Association of Children's Organizations. They are engaged in the implementation of a public program to meet their needs. They can be school, student, play, perform at the Russian or international level.
- The League is a large-scale community based on specialized and cultural interests.
- A commune is a collective of persons united on the basis of common property and labor.
- A squad is an association consisting of squads. In the past, this type was attributed to pioneering. Now it can be, for example, a camp detachment with a leader or other similar groups with the participation of a leader.
- A squad is a team united in accordance with personal interests.
- Social groups that advance the interests of society or any social category, social stratum. They may differ in material status, nationality, place of residence, labor criteria, and even in terms of health.
Examples of joins
- "Make a step".
- Scouts.
At school No. 91 in Nizhny Novgorod, a small association of adults was recorded at the initiative of the director. The goal was one - to teach children what is not spelled out in school textbooks. The idea was related to the development of certain skills in difficult living conditions. Thus, classes for survival in extreme conditions were formed. Further, it grew into a compulsory state subject for tourist training, mountaineering, the study of martial arts and methods of defense, first aid.
- "Sea League".
Youth association of lovers of shipping, sport yachts and ship modeling. The league included 137 organizations, which included young sailors and river workers, which at one time gave the development of the popularity of this direction and reached an international level. The association led training sailing activities and carried out long-distance sea voyages.
- "Green Planet".
Children's environmental movement. One could become a member of this association from only 8 years old. The key task of the project was to unite as many young citizens as possible to solve environmental problems, call for a healthy lifestyle and adhere to the norms of cleanliness and order.
Conclusion
From the point of view of the educational process, the goals of any children's public association effectively influence the aspect of the personal growth of each member of the association. In the course of his activity, he is faced with many social tasks and begins to better understand the principles of management, self-organization, respect, etc., which has a positive effect on his future. Associations increase the social significance and readiness of a person to fulfill social social needs.